The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE CASE OF CARRANZA. 347
and in obstinacy, and not in words or letters. ^ The Pope had
assumed control of the trial with the idea that the accusations
made against Carranza were only too well founded, but when
he came to examine the matter at first hand he reaHzed that
several of the accusations were groundless ; he began to
hesitate, 2 and remained undecided to the end. Not even his
friends, however, were able to clear the ground from all the
charges against the archbishop. Carranza's zealous advocate,
the distinguished moral theologian Azpilcueta, who had come
to Rome to defend him in spite of his age and weak state of
health.3 considered that the charge of heresy against his client
was without foundation, but admitted that the Inquisition
had only done its duty in imprisoning him.* Cardinal Chiesa,
to whose opinion Pius V. attached much importance, thought
^ " que agora havia side mcnester tornarle a examinar, porque
en Espana hubo en esto gran descuydo, porque dixo que quisieron
hacer mucho case de lo que se hallava dicho y scripto del ar9obispo,
y no trataron tanto de saber del come entendia y estava en todas
aquellas materias en que parescia que habia errado. . . . Dixome
que no se havia de hacer assy, porque la heresia estava en el
entendimiento y en la pertinacia y no en la escripto." Zufiiga to
Philip II., August 17, 1568, Corresp. dipl. II., 439 seq.
- Dixo [the Pope] que ante que viesse el processo del ar9obispo
lo tenia por muy culpado ; que despues havia stado algo suspense,
porque havia visto que no se verificaban algunas cosas de las que
le havian referido (Zuiiiga to Philip II., July 13, 157J, Corresp.
dipl., IV., 388). Just then Zufiiga had reproached the Pope
for having come to the trial with the conviction of the innocence
of Carranza {ibid. ; cf. the letter to Philip TI. of October 21, 1569,
ibid., viii.).
^ Corresp. dipl., IV., vii,
• " Concebi, crei, y confirme muchas veces dos cosas, la una que
el dicho Reverendisimo estaba bien preso ; y al cabo, los que le
prendieron quedar ian honrados por haber hecho su debar contra
un tan gran var6n." (Memorial a Felipe II., in Ciencia Tomista
VII., 407
to Rome on October 21, 1567. A very laudatory letter of recommendation
of him from the nuncio in Spain, in Corresp. dip., II.,
94.
; Serrano in Corresp. dipl. II., xxix.). Azpilcueta came