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Diacritica 25-2_Filosofia.indb - cehum - Universidade do Minho

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ELITISM AND THE ETHICS OF VIRTUE<br />

O ELITISMO E A ÉTICA DAS VIRTUDES<br />

Hasse Hämäläinen *<br />

Virtue ethics (VE) holds that we should regard the practically wise (phronimoi) as<br />

our ethical exemplars. Since they are the best to judge all ethical questions, they<br />

are also the best to judge who is wise. Th erefore it seems to follow that not-as-wise<br />

people who can appeal to the judgments of the wise have no good ethical reason to<br />

select whose example to follow on their own. Th ey would better let the judgments<br />

of the wise to show it to them. Th is entailment of VE is virtue ethical elitism (VEE).<br />

I will fi rst show that the philosophical resources we currently have for dealing with<br />

VEE are insuffi cient. Th en I will argue not only that VEE is a real problem for VE,<br />

for it would allow ethical deception under the guise of practical wis<strong>do</strong>m, but also<br />

that VE can get out of it. Th e avoidance of deception furnishes anyone a compelling<br />

political reason to independently choose her exemplars.<br />

Keywords: Virtue Ethics, Elitism, Consequentialism, Value Th eory, Aristotle<br />

A Ética das Virtudes (EV) defende que devemos considerar aqueles que são sábios<br />

de um ponto de vista prático (phronimoi) como nossos modelos éticos. Uma vez<br />

que estes são os melhores a julgar todas as questões éticas, são também os melhores<br />

a julgar quem é sábio. Logo, parece seguir-se que as pessoas que não são tão sábias<br />

e que poderiam apelar aos juízos <strong>do</strong>s sábios não têm uma boa razão ética para<br />

seleccionar por si mesmas o exemplo a seguir. Fariam melhor em deixar que o juízo<br />

<strong>do</strong>s sábios lhes mostrasse o que é o melhor. Esta implicação da EV é elitismo da<br />

ética da virtude (EEV). Irei mostrar, em primeiro lugar, que os recursos fi losófi cos<br />

* The University of Edinburgh.<br />

<strong>Diacritica</strong> <strong>25</strong>-2_<strong>Filosofia</strong>.<strong>indb</strong> 79 05-01-2012 09:38:22

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