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ELITISM AND THE ETHICS OF VIRTUE freedom of choice explains why our intuitions are against it, but not similar arrangements in wine tasting, portrait painting or any other practice. Th is easy answer is, however, inconclusive. Although it is true that we do not consider elitism internal to wine tasting or portrait painting to render them unattractive practices, it is not true that we are eager to accept similar elitism in all practices whose domain is more restricted than that of communal life. Consider for example healthcare. Despite we could be regarded as free to choose whether we allow medical experts to look aft er our health, we nevertheless feel distaste towards medical elitism, which can be shown to be justifi able in the same way as VEE. Provided that an expert in the area of medicine x has 1/n probability of correctly evaluating who is an expert in x, then it seems to be reasonable to assume that those who are not experts in x can correctly evaluate who is an expert in x with
90 5. A more promising proposal HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN So far we have dealt with VEE in very idealised conditions. All the above arguments have been based on the thought that provided that the moral insight of the practically wise really is, as Aristotle supposes, more reliable than anyone else’s, then the non-practically wise people, who have an opportunity to appeal to the criteria of practical wisdom (i.e. virtues) defi ned by that insight lack good reason to attempt to see who is practically wise without appealing to those criteria. I doubt, however, if this implication even follows from Aristotle’s supposition. Before I will argue for my doubt, I will demonstrate, however, that were the implication like that, the application of Aristotle’s supposition would result problems in the actual world, and that these potential problems explain a great deal of our intuitions against VEE. I suggest that the source for our intuitions against VEE is in its implications for trust. Provided that VEE implies that non-practically wise people have no good reasons to fi nd out who is practically wise, then they would have very little reason to trust anyone who claims to be practically wise. One cannot be expected to blindly trust someone’s virtuousness due to the unfortunate fact that in the actual world, all the humans are not as virtuous as they claim to be. Medical elitism does not arouse trust, because it would allow the medical experts to use their powers to deceive the non-experts. [18] In the same vein, VEE would open that possibility to the persons pretending to be practically wise. Th ough the truly practically wise do of course not systematically act with a view of deceiving the others, as deception is only appropriate in very special and unusual contexts, presumably a great many evil people would be tempted to name each other as practically wise in order to deceive the others by providing them mischievous guidance. If the non-practically wise had assumed that they have no good reason to attempt to see who is practically wise, it would be virtually impossible for them to distinguish those who have agreed to call one another practically wise with a view of deceiving the others from those who really are wise and hence rightfully call one another by such title. Th is possibility of deception would give those non-practically wise compelling reasons not to trust anyone who claims to possess practical wisdom and hence reliably see the demands of virtue. Trust in the contrary assumption that one has compelling reasons to appeal to the demands of virtue defi ned by the practically wise is, however, what makes VE to make sense. Th erefore VEE would contradict VE. 18 See O’Neil 2002, esp. pp. 118-123 & 151 Diacritica 25-2_Filosofia.indb 90 05-01-2012 09:38:23
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25/2 revista do centro de estudos h
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Título: DIACRÍTICA (Nº 25/2 - 20
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CULTURA INGLESA E NORTE-AMERICANA 1
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Diacritica 25-2_Filosofia.indb 6 05
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10 ALEXANDRA ABRANCHES E ROBERTO ME
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14 Introduction BERIL SÖZMEN IDEME
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16 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN When a fema
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18 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN example, Th
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20 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN doubt wheth
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22 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN Th omson’
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24 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN If we are t
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26 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN respect, es
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28 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN choices tha
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30 BERIL SÖZMEN IDEMEN Good Samari
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34 1. Introdução CÁTIA FARIA No
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36 CÁTIA FARIA Deste modo, chegamo
Page 39 and 40: 38 CÁTIA FARIA e os orangotangos e
Page 41 and 42: 40 CÁTIA FARIA temporal, quando no
Page 43 and 44: 42 CÁTIA FARIA mesmo. “Sem um se
Page 45 and 46: 44 CÁTIA FARIA soas são seres esp
Page 47 and 48: 46 CÁTIA FARIA David não é ele p
Page 49 and 50: 48 7. Resumo e conclusões CÁTIA F
Page 51 and 52: 50 CÁTIA FARIA Patterson, F. G. e
Page 53 and 54: 52 CÉDRIC RIO Debates about Interg
Page 55 and 56: 54 CÉDRIC RIO we are not sure to h
Page 57 and 58: 56 CÉDRIC RIO ence: individuals ca
Page 59 and 60: 58 CÉDRIC RIO morally wrong becaus
Page 61 and 62: 60 CÉDRIC RIO preference for Liber
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Page 65 and 66: 64 1. The problem CLAUDIA REITINGER
Page 67 and 68: 66 CLAUDIA REITINGER Depletion: As
Page 69 and 70: 68 CLAUDIA REITINGER lates the pers
Page 71 and 72: 70 CLAUDIA REITINGER responses for
Page 73 and 74: 72 CLAUDIA REITINGER a very high le
Page 75 and 76: 74 CLAUDIA REITINGER had chosen con
Page 77 and 78: 76 CLAUDIA REITINGER properties, li
Page 81 and 82: 80 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN que actualme
Page 83 and 84: 82 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN appropriate
Page 85 and 86: 84 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN son cannot b
Page 87 and 88: 86 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN than charact
Page 89: 88 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN lence” and
Page 93 and 94: 92 HASSE HÄMÄLÄINEN this particu
Page 97 and 98: 96 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA e o seu rele
Page 99 and 100: 98 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA a legal ethi
Page 101 and 102: 100 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA - the inter
Page 103 and 104: 102 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA justice, in
Page 105 and 106: 104 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA Rawls seeks
Page 107 and 108: 106 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA members of
Page 109 and 110: 108 MARIA JOÃO CABRITA Spiro, Davi
Page 111 and 112: 110 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO El obj
Page 113 and 114: 112 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO de reg
Page 115 and 116: 114 2. Cosmopolitismo y derechos hu
Page 117 and 118: 116 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO societ
Page 119 and 120: 118 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO lo que
Page 121 and 122: 120 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO poder
Page 123 and 124: 122 MARTHA PALACIO AVENDAÑO 126, 2
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Page 127 and 128: 126 1. Intransitive preferences OSC
Page 129 and 130: 128 A 1 > 1 A 2 ; A 2 > 1 A 3 ; ...
Page 131 and 132: 130 OSCAR HORTA principle obvious.
Page 133 and 134: 132 5. Possible global solutions to
Page 135 and 136: 134 OSCAR HORTA between 1 and i suc
Page 137 and 138: 136 OSCAR HORTA considerably shorte
Page 139 and 140: 138 7. Conclusions OSCAR HORTA Spec
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Diacritica 25-2_Filosofia.indb 140
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142 RUI SILVA inclinations […]; f
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144 RUI SILVA ble diversity of situ
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146 RUI SILVA and complement these
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148 RUI SILVA emotions and virtue;
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150 RUI SILVA lives should be under
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152 RUI SILVA However, MacIntyre cl
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154 RUI SILVA alists concede that s
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156 RUI SILVA Taylor, Charles (1990
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160 GEORGINA ABREU Th e print cultu
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162 GEORGINA ABREU that the prosecu
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164 GEORGINA ABREU stability of the
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166 GEORGINA ABREU gled out and exp
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168 GEORGINA ABREU ways. Th is disc
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170 GEORGINA ABREU Queen’s case:
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172 GEORGINA ABREU From the point o
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174 GEORGINA ABREU 1998: 38) that g
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176 GEORGINA ABREU denounces the co
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178 GEORGINA ABREU i-ii). Hone, in
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180 Periodicals GEORGINA ABREU Cobb
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182 GEORGINA ABREU 1819-1821 Illust
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184 GEORGINA ABREU Laqueur, T.W.,
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186 JORGE PEREIRA A Revolução Ame
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188 JORGE PEREIRA concebidos para e
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190 JORGE PEREIRA proposta de aboli
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192 JORGE PEREIRA permitia a todos
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194 JORGE PEREIRA agora era o Indiv
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196 JORGE PEREIRA moral já que qua
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198 JORGE PEREIRA sistas têm defen
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200 JORGE PEREIRA Homem, daí estar
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204 Recepção musical como mimesis
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206 ÂNGELO MARTINGO agógicos dos
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208 Sumário e conclusão ÂNGELO M
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210 ÂNGELO MARTINGO Grewe, O., Kop
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212 ÂNGELO MARTINGO Tanenhaus, M.,
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214 1. Críticas e objeções aos d
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216 GIUSEPPE TOSI dade das relaçõ
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218 GIUSEPPE TOSI ocidentais atrav
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220 GIUSEPPE TOSI Francesa (Compara
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222 GIUSEPPE TOSI ciências naturai
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224 GIUSEPPE TOSI que a realidade
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226 GIUSEPPE TOSI -----, (2006). Te
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228 I. O argumento JOSÉ COLEN Buch
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230 JOSÉ COLEN tica numa situaçã
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232 JOSÉ COLEN mas as outras impli
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234 JOSÉ COLEN “que modifi cam o
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236 JOSÉ COLEN unidade orgânica p
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238 JOSÉ COLEN que a respectiva
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240 JOSÉ COLEN Um dos fenómenos p
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242 JOSÉ COLEN Hayek deixou claro
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244 JOSÉ COLEN rias nos domínios
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246 JOSÉ COLEN no mercado a motiva
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248 JOSÉ COLEN Mueller, Dennis C.
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250 1. Introdução VÍTOR MOURA O
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252 VÍTOR MOURA phrey Bogart para
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254 VÍTOR MOURA que o cinema vive
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256 2) 3) VÍTOR MOURA Redução da
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258 VÍTOR MOURA fílmica (a vulgar
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260 3. Câmara: a doutrina da trans
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262 VÍTOR MOURA máticas dos objec
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264 VÍTOR MOURA “A fotografi a
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266 VÍTOR MOURA representações d
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268 VÍTOR MOURA podemos explicar a
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270 VÍTOR MOURA Em resumo, poderí
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272 4.3. Teoria da mente e simulaç
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274 VÍTOR MOURA ninguém acredita
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280 VIRGÍNIA SOARES PEREIRA Gaio V
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284 VIRGÍNIA SOARES PEREIRA No pre
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288 Editor Adjunto: Virgínia Perei
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290 DIACRÍTICA 3. Os textos das en
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292 • • • • Imagens Alinham
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294 Citação indireta: (apud Chand
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The Braga meetings on ethics and po
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