128 Teaching and Learning in General Educationbuilding the students’ confidence so that they feel that they have a voice andthat they know that their decisions matter. Our students, I feel, don’t alwaysrealize their own intelligence, abilities, and potential. I try to demonstrateto students their own value by taking their written work seriously, readingmultiple drafts, responding to comments on the class website, and providingfeedback to ideas raised in class. I try to give students my time as a way todemonstrate that they are important individuals who matter in this world.I also try to demonstrate my respect for them by setting high standards incoursework. I have found that when I set high standards, students generallyrespond by trying hard to achieve those standards. I do not simply set highstandards and then demand that the students achieve them. Rather, I makesure that the standards are clear at the start <strong>of</strong> the class and I try to providestudents with step-by-step instructions so that each student is capable <strong>of</strong>achieving the requirements. For example, I insist that students use relevantup-to-date academic sources in their papers, that their papers have a clearthesis statement, and that they use and cite sources appropriately in makingtheir arguments. I spend time discussing what I expect in the papers andmake it clear to students that this is not some idiosyncratic whim about howI would like to see their papers done. Rather, I explain that this is what agood academic paper should look like and that I expect nothing less. I believethat every one <strong>of</strong> my students is capable <strong>of</strong> achieving the standards that I set.I believe that most students leave my class feeling that they were challengedand that most students feel a sense <strong>of</strong> accomplishment in being able to meetthat challenge. Students sometimes surprise me with standards that are evenhigher than my own. One student, for example, continued to rewrite her finalpaper even after she had finished the course and graduated from <strong>Chinese</strong><strong>University</strong>.
Lynne Nakano, Thoughts on Teaching General Education Courses 129Getting Students Involved in the Learning ProcessTeaching has also been a learning experience for me. I have learnedthat classroom learning is a collective effort. I have learned that it is moreeffective to work at inspiring students to help and motivate one another thanto try to take on this job alone. It is difficult to define and even more difficultto achieve a successful collective learning environment, but I know that suchan environment has been created when I see it. Such an environment involvesa sense <strong>of</strong> community, respect for the opinions <strong>of</strong> others, recognition <strong>of</strong> theachievements <strong>of</strong> others, open-mindedness, humility, students motivating eachother, and a sense <strong>of</strong> humor. When a class becomes united, the atmosphereis magical and there is a lot <strong>of</strong> laughter. I have also learned to loosen up andbe a little silly, in the realization that at times the best laughter is when thestudents laugh at me. It means that I am not immune to being teased andnot so different from them. Laughter to me indicates that a course is beingtaught successfully, while a failure to laugh signals that there are problemswith the course. I think that students laugh when they feel comfortable withthe course materials, the teacher, and with one another. In this atmosphere,I think that I am more likely to get their attention, that they are more likely tobe themselves, and that they are more likely to use the opportunity to learn.As I have mentioned, students <strong>of</strong>ten help me in this effort. <strong>The</strong>re areusually a few students in each class who are willing to emerge as class leaders,intellectually and socially. <strong>The</strong>se individuals can push their classmatesto think further and more deeply by generating excitement about learningthat spreads to their classmates, and by creating opportunities to laugh. I tryto create an environment in which these students feel comfortable enoughto step forward. I try to show students that I am not always right and that
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