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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

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I say:

impossible, for if it were ever impossible, it would not be true

that the existence of the world is eternally possible; and if it

were not true that the existence of the world is eternally

possible, it would not be true that its possibility never

ceases; and if it were not true that its possibility never

ceases, it would be true that its possibility had begun; and if

it were true that its possibility had begun, its existence before

this beginning would not be possible and that would lead to

the assumption of a time when the world was not possible

and God had no power over it.

He who concedes that the world before its existence was of a neverceasing

possibility must admit that the world is eternal, for the assumption

that what is eternally possible is eternally existent implies no absurdity.

What can possibly exist eternally must necessarily exist eternally, for what

can receive eternity cannot become corruptible, except if it were possible

that the corruptible could become eternal. Therefore Aristotle has said that

the possibility in the eternal beings is necessary.’

Ghazali says:

The objection is that it is said that the temporal becoming

of the world never ceased to be possible, and certainly there

is no time at which its becoming could not be imagined. But

although it could be at any time, it did not become at any

time whatever, for reality does not conform to possibility, but

differs from it. You yourself hold, for instance, in the matter

of place, that the world could be bigger than it is or that the

creation of an infinite series of bodies above the world is

possible, and that there is no limit to the possibilities of

increase in the size of the world, but still the actual existence

of absolutely infinite occupied space and of any infinite and

limitless being is impossible. What is said to be possible is

an actual body of a limited surface, but the exact size of this

body, whether it is larger or smaller, is not specified. In the

same way, what is possible is the coming into existence of

the world in time, but the exact time of its coming into

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