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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

a book on philosophy

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I say:

which are very close to those we have mentioned. For,

according to the philosophers, nothing that is self-subsistent

and does not inhere in a substratum’ can be imagined as

becoming non-existent after its existence, whether it is

produced or eternal.’ If one objects against them, that when

water is boiled it disappears, they answer that it does not

disappear, but is only changed into steam and the steam

becomes water again, and its primary matter, i.e. its hyle, the

matter in which the form of water inhered, persists when the

water has become air, for the hyle only loses the form of

water and takes up that of air; the air, having become cold

again, condenses into water, but does not receive a new

matter, for the matter is common to the elements and only

the forms are changed in it.

He who affirms that accidents do not persist for two moments, and that

their existence in substances is a condition of the persistence of those

substances, does not know how he contradicts himself, for if the

substances are a condition of the existence of the accidents-since the

accidents cannot exist without the substances in which they inhere-and

the accidents are assumed to be a condition for the existence of the

substances, the substances must be necessarily a condition for their own

existence; and it is absurd to say that something is a condition for its own

existence. Further, how could the accidents be such a condition, since

they themselves do not persist for two moments? For, as the instant is at

the same time the end of their privation and the beginning of their period

of existence, the substance mint be destroyed in this instant, for in this

instant there is neither anything of the privative period nor anything of the

existent. If there were in the instant anything of the privative period or of

the existent, it could not be the end of the former and the beginning of the

latter.’ And on the whole, that something which does not persist two

moments should be made a condition for the persistence of something for

two moments is absurd. Indeed, a thing that persists for two moments is

more capable of persisting than one which does not persist for two

moments, for the existence of what does not persist for two moments is at

an instant, which is in flux, but the existence of what persists for two

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