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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

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I say:

upsetting their theories, and to showing the faults in the

consequence of their proofs so as to demonstrate their

incoherence. We do not seek to attack from any definite

point of view, and we shall not transgress the aim of this

book, nor give full proofs for the temporal production of the

world, for our intention is merely to refute their alleged

knowledge of its eternity. But after finishing this book we

shall, if it pleases God, devote a work to establishing the

doctrine of truth, and we call it ‘The Golden Mean in

Dogmatic Beliefs’,’ in which we shall be engaged in building

up, as in this book we have been in destroying.

To oppose difficulty with difficulty does not bring about destruction, but

only perplexity and doubts in him who acts in this way, for why should he

think one of the two conflicting theories reasonable and the opposite one

vain? Most of the arguments with which this man Ghazali opposes the

philosophers are doubts which arise when certain parts of the doctrine of

the philosophers come into conflict with others, and when those

differences are compared with each other; but this is an imperfect

refutation. A perfect refutation would be one that succeeded in showing

the futility of their system according to the facts themselves, not such a

one as, for instance, his assumption that it is permissible for the

opponents of the philosophers to claim that possibility is a mental concept

in the same way as the philosophers claim this for the universal. For if the

truth of this comparison between the two were conceded, it would not

follow that it was untrue that possibility was a concept dependent on

reality, but only either that the universal existed in the mind only was not

true, or that possibility existed in the mind only was not true. Indeed, it

would have been necessary for him to begin by establishing the truth,

before starting to perplex and confuse his readers, for they might die

before they could get hold of that book, or he might have died himself

before writing it. But this book has not yet come into my hands’ and

perhaps he never composed it, and he only says that he does not base

this present book on any doctrine, in order that it should not be thought

that he based it on that of the Ash’arites. It appears from the books

ascribed to him that in metaphysics he recurs to the philosophers. And of

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