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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

a book on philosophy

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I say:

and a distinctive mark, but indeed there is no proof of it.

There remains therefore your question whether this specific

difference is a condition of the causeless character of this

causeless existent, and this is nonsense. For we have

shown that there is no cause for its being without a cause,

so as to make it possible to ask for its condition. It would be

like asking whether blackness is a condition for the colour’s

becoming a colour, and if it is a condition, why redness is

then a colour. And the answer is: as to the essential nature

of colour, i. e. in so far as the essence of colouredness is

asserted in the intellect, neither of them is a condition, < and

as to its existence, each of them is a condition for its

existence, but not individually, since a genus cannot exist in

reality without a specific differences And likewise the man

who accepts two causes as starting-points of the series must

say that they are differentiated through a specific difference,

and both differences are a condition for their existence, no

doubt, though not through their individuality.

The summary of what he says here of the proof of the philosophers is

that they say that the specific difference through which the duality in the

necessary existent occurs is either a condition or not a condition for

necessary existence. If the specific difference through which they are

distinguished is a condition for both the necessary existents, they will no

longer be separated in their necessary existence and the necessary

existent will be of necessity one and the same, just as, if black were to be

a condition for the necessity of colour and white a condition for

colouredness, they could not differ in colouredness. If, on the other hand,

the specific difference does not enter into the essence of necessary

existence, then both these necessary existents will have necessary

existence only by accident, and their duality will not be based on their both

being necessary existents. This, however, is not true, for the species are a

condition for the existence of the genus, and both colours are a condition

for the existence of the genus, though not individually (for in this case they

could not exist together in the existence of the colour).

306

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