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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

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I say:

from His way and deviate from the path of His guidance,

denying His words: ‘I did not make them witnesses of the

creation of the heavens and the earth nor of the creation of

themselves, ‘ who think wicked thoughts about God, who

believe that the powers of man suffice to reach the essence

of the divine, who, deceived in their minds, believe that the

human understanding is competent to free itself from the

authority of the prophets and from obedience to them. For no

doubt they are now forced to acknowledge that the

quintessence of their thought is reduced to absurdities which

would make one wonder if they were told in a dream.

One who wants to enter deeply into these speculations must know that

much of what is firmly established in the speculative sciences seems at

first sight, and compared to the opinions the common man holds about

them, like the visions of a dreamer, as Ghazali truly says; many of these

truths are deduced from a different kind of premisses from that which

satisfies the masses; indeed there is no other way for anyone to become

convinced of their truth than that of comprehending them by logical proof

and evidence. If, for example, the common man, and even he who has

reached a somewhat higher degree of culture, is told that the sun, which

appears to the eye as being the size of a foot, is about a hundred and

seventy times bigger than the earth, he will say that it is absurd, and will

regard him who believes it as a dreamer; and it is difficult for us to

convince him through propositions which he can easily understand and

acknowledge in a short time. The only way, indeed, to attain such

knowledge is through deductive proof-that is, for the man who is amenable

to proof. If it is the case even with geometrical questions and

mathematical problems in general, that, when a solution is explained to

the common man, it will appear to him fallacious and open to criticism at

first sight and to have the character of a dream, how much more this will

be the case in the metaphysical sciences, since for this kind of knowledge

there are no plausible premisses which satisfy the superficial

understanding, by which I mean the understanding of the masses. One

might say that the final knowledge the understanding can reach will seem

to the common man at first sight something absurd. And this happens not

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