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Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

a book on philosophy

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I say:

The third proof is that the possibility of its existence does

not end, and that therefore its possible existence may

conform to the possibility.’ But this argument has no force,

for we regard it as impossible that the world should not have

begun, but we do not regard it as impossible that it should

last eternally, if God should make it last eternally, for it is not

necessary that what begins has also an end, although it is

necessary for an act to have a beginning and an initial term.

Only Abu Hudhail al-Allaf thought that the world must needs

have an end, and he said that, as in the past infinite circular

movements are impossible, so they are in the future s but

this is wrong, for the whole of the future never enters into

existence either simultaneously or successively, whereas the

whole of the past is there simultaneously but not

successively.’ And since it is clear that we do not regard the

incorruptibility of the world as impossible from a rational

point of view-we regard indeed its incorruptibility and

corruptibility as equally possible-we know only through the

Divine Law which of the two possibilities will be realized.

Therefore let us not try to solve this problem by mere

reason!

His assertion that the argument of the philosophers for the eternity of

the world in the past applies also to its eternity in the future is true, and

equally the second argument applies to both cases. But his assertion that

the third argument is not equally valid for the future and for the past, that

indeed we regard the becoming of the world in the past as impossible, but

that with the exception of Abu Hudhail al-Allaf, who thought that the

eternity of the world was impossible in either direction, we do not regard

its eternity in the future as absolutely impossible, is not true. For when it

was conceded to the philosophers that the possibility of the world had no

beginning and that with this possibility a condition of extension, which

could measure this possibility, was connected in the same way as this

condition of extension is connected with the possible existent, when it is

actualized, and it was also evident that this extension had no initial term,

the philosophers were convinced that time had no initial term, for this

116

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