Tahafut_al-Tahafut-transl-Engl-van-den-Bergh

the movements and to measure the existence of moving things, in so far
as they are moving, as number counts the individual moving things, and
therefore Aristotle says in his definition of time that it is the number of
movement according to the relations of anterior and posterior.’ Therefore,
just as the supposition that a thing numbered occurs does not imply that
number comes into existence, but it is a necessary condition for the
occurrence of a thing numbered that number should exist before it, so the
occurrence of movement implies that there was time before it. If time
occurred with the occurrence of any individual movement whatever, time
would only be perceived with that individual movement. This will make you
understand how different the nature of time is from the nature of spatial
magnitude.
Ghazali answers on behalf of the philosophers:
It may be said: This comparisons is lame, for there is
neither above nor below in the world; for the world is
spherical, and in the sphere there is neither above nor
below; if the one direction is called above, because it is
overhead, and the other below, because it is under foot, this
name is always determined in relation to you, and the
direction which is below in relation to you is above in relation
to another, if you imagine him standing on the other side of
the terrestrial globe with the sole of his foot opposite the sole
of your foot. Yes, these parts of heaven which you reckon
above during the day are identical with what is below during
the night, and what is below the earth comes again above
the earth through the daily revolution. But it cannot be
imagined that the beginning of the world becomes its end. If
we imagined a stick with one thick and one thin end and we
agreed to call the part nearest the thin end ‘above’ and the
other ‘below’, there would not arise from this an essential
differentiation in the parts of the world; it would simply be
that different names would have been applied to the shape
of the stick, so that if we substituted the one name for the
other, there would be an exchange of names, but the world
itself would remain unchanged. So ‘above’ and ‘below’ are a
mere relation to you without any differentiation in the parts
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