61340 Vorabseiten_e - Unabhängige Expertenkommission Schweiz

73 See Imhof/Ettinger/Boller, Flüchtlings- und Aussenwirtschaftspolitik, 2001 (Publications of the
ICE).
74 At the end of the war he expanded this first comment by a further, stronger criticism; cf. Giacometti,
Verfassungslage, 1942; by the same author, Vollmachtenregime, 1945.
75 Kreis, Zensur, 1973.
76 See Imhof/Ettinger/Boller, Flüchtlings- und Aussenwirtschaftspolitk, 2001 (Publications of the
ICE), chapter 8, pp. 221ff.
77 Bucher emphasises this in particular, Bundesrat, 1993, pp. 520ff., 527.
78 Further information in: Altermatt, Bundesräte, 1991; see also Perrenoud, Diplomatie, 1996.
79 Böschenstein, Augen, 1978, p. 293. Böschenstein was editor at the Bundeshaus from 1939.
80 Bucher, Bundesrat, 1993, pp. 525ff., however states that Pilet-Golaz did not think much of the
Pétain regime.
81 Speech at the Comptoir de Lausanne, 12 September 1940; cf. Bucher, Bundesrat, 1993, p. 525
(original French).
82 DDS, vol. 13, p. 919 (original French).
83 On this point see Imhof/Ettinger/Boller, Flüchtlings- und Aussenwirtschaftspolitik, 2001 (Publications
of the ICE).
84 Mattioli, Demokratie, 1994.
85 Gauye, Rütli, 1984; cf. also Bourgeois, Geschäft, 2000, pp. 31 and 185.
86 Gautschi, Guisan, 1989. p. 45 (original French).
87 Quotation acc. to Senn, Erhaltung, vol. VI, 1991, p. 26 (original French).
88 Gautschi, Guisan, 1989, pp. 600–615.
89 Kreis, Guisan, 1990.
90 On the event but with a different interpretation see Waeger, Sündenböcke, 1971.
91 Lüthy, Disteln, 1973, p. 91 (original German).
92 Apart from the popular initiative regarding the election of the Federal Council by the people, these
were the only initiatives submitted during the war. After the elections of autumn 1943 there were
no initiatives until the end of the war. With regard to overviews of the era, these initiatives fall into
the gap which existed between the work by Oswald Sigg (1978) about the time until 1939 and that
of Hans Weder (1978) about the time from 1945 onwards.
93 Fleury, Suisse, 1995.
94 On the debate about the usefulness of the army see Kreis, Debatten, 1997, pp. 457ff. The army was
called into question to the greatest extent in the course of the popular vote on the initiative to abolish
the army in 1989 by Markus Heiniger, Heiniger, Gründe, 1989. The opposite position is represented
in particular by Hans Senn, former Chief of General Staff and military historian: Die Rolle
der Schweizer Armee im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Widerstandswille und Opferbereitschaft der Aktivdienstgeneration,
in: NZZ, 25 April 1997. Der Reduit-Vorschlag eine Demutsgeste? Nachlese zu
einer Debatte über die Rolle der Armee, in: NZZ, 22 August 1997. Senn, Armee, 1998. Das Schicksalsjahr
1940. Gründe für die Verschonung der Schweiz vor einem deutschen Angriff, in: NZZ,
12 September 2000.
95 Urner, Schweiz, 1990; Wegmüller, Brot, 1998.
96 On the May alert see Vetsch, Aufmarsch, 1973; on the March alert Braunschweig, Draht, 1989,
pp. 259ff.
97 The term «Fifth Column» originates from the Spanish Civil War and refers to enemy sympathisers
within one’s own ranks and agents smuggled in from the attacking side.
101