PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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Ch a p i t r e IV : Ev o l u t i o n d e s c a s t e s c h e z d e s In s e c t e s e u s o c i a u x :l e s t e r m i t e s 169IV.1. In t r o d u c t i o n e t p r o b l é m at i q u e s 172IV.2. Ph y l o g é n i e d e s t e r m i t e s 174IV.2.1. Historique de la classification des termites 174IV.2.2. Matériels et Méthodes 176ǲ ǲEchantillonnage176ǲ ǲMéthodes phylogénétiques178IV.2.3. Résultats 181ǲ ǲAnalyses séparées181ǲ ǲAnalyses combinées191IV.2.4. Discussion 196ǲ ǲInformation apportée par les différents marqueurs moléculaires 196ǲ ǲPhylogénie des termites198ǲ ǲConfrontation de la phylogénie des termites aux données fossiles 202IV.3. Or i g i n e d e l a c a s t e d e s o u v r i e r s (a r t i c l e l e g e n d r e e t a l .,s o u m i s-b – An n e x e V) 205IV.3.1. Théories sur l’évolution des castes et sur le comportementde fourragement 205IV.3.2. Optimisations des caractères d’intérêt 206IV.3.3. Discussion 211IV.4. Ev o l u t i o n d u p o ly p h é n i s m e : é t u d e d e s s c h é m a s d ed é v e l o p p e m e n t 214IV.4.1. Théories sur l’évolution du polyphénisme 214IV.4.2. Matériels et méthodes 216IV.4.3. Résultats 219IV.4.4. Discussion 226ǲ ǲNotions de convergence, parallélisme et contraintes de développement 226ǲǲEvolution des séquences de développement et du polymorphisme chezles termites 228ǲǲEvolution du timing de différenciation entre les voies de développementsexuée et stérile 231IV.5. Di s c u s s i o n g é n é r a l e 232IV.5.1. Phylogénie des termites 232IV.5.2. Evolution 234IV.5.3. Codage des caractères et avancées méthodologiques 237x
Ch a p i t r e V : Di s c u s s i o n g é n é r a l e e t p e r s p e c t i v e s 239V.1. Re c o n s t r u c t i o n p h y l o g é n é t i q u e 242V.2. Ava n c é e s m é t h o d o l o g i q u e s e n p h y l o g e n i e : i n t é g r at i o n d ed o n n é e s c o m p o r t e m e n ta l e s e t d e d é v e l o p p e m e n t 245V.3. Te n d a n c e s é vo l u t i v e s e t fa c t e u r s é vo l u t i f s 248Ré f é r e n c e s Bi b l i o g r a p h i q u e s 255Li s t e d e s An n e x e s 271An n e x e i 273An n e x e ii 275An n e x e iii 277An n e x e iv 313An n e x e v 339An n e x e vi 377An n e x e VII 381An n e x e VIII 385An n e x e ix 387An n e x e x 389An n e x e xi 393An n e x e XII 397xi
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Page 7 and 8: Ta b l e d e s Mat i è r e sRe m e
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II. Mat é r i e l s e t m é t h o
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ABCDEGHFJIK
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Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p o r t
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III. Réversibilité, c o n t r a i
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CHAPITRE IVEv o l u t i o n d e s c
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V. Dis c u s s ion g é n é r a l
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Ré f é r e n c e s b i b l i o g
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ANNEXE IDéf i n i t i o n s deq u
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ANNEXE IIPr o t o c o l e d’ex t
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ANNEXE IIILeg e n d r e et al . (Bi
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An n e x e sAbstractA new method is
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An n e x e sexpressed in such non-s
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An n e x e sanother species would a
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An n e x e sMolecular data for all
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An n e x e sevolutionary ecological
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An n e x e sThe comparison of the t
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An n e x e sDefining and including
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An n e x e s“avoiding” acts (GD
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An n e x e sGautier JY, Deleporte P
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An n e x e sMcLennan DA, Brooks DR,
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An n e x e sWenzel JW. 1993. Applic
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An n e x e sTable 1: PCR primers na
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An n e x e sTable 4: Phylogenetic a
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An n e x e sPhortioeca nimbataP.n.
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An n e x e sSchultesia lampyridifor
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An n e x e sSpecies 1 = outgroupInd
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An n e x e sAnalysis AEublaberus di
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igureEv o l u t i o n d u c o m p o
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Figure Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p
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FigureEv o l u t i o n d u c o m p
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ablesEvo l u t i o n d u c o m p o
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ANNEXE VICom m a n d e s de s an a
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An n e x e sCommandes relatives à
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ANNEXE XIICur r i c u l u m Vi t a
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An n e x e s
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An n e x e s
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Ré s u m éPh y l o g é n i e e t
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PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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