PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p o r t e m e n t s o c i a lPar ailleurs, l’évolution de la caste des ouvriers « vrais » fait référence à la théorie despécialisation (Cope, 1896). La spécialisation est classiquement perçue comme un phénomèneirréversible, c’est-à-dire un véritable cul de sac évolutif (Kelley et Farrell, 1998 ; D’Haese,2000 ; Nosil et Mooers, 2005). Dans ce contexte, l’hypothèse nulle suggère qu’il ne peut y avoirde transition depuis l’état « ouvriers vrais » vers un autre état. Cette hypothèse sera testée àl’aide d’un patron phylogénétique permettant d’inférer le cours de l’évolution de ces caractèresd’intérêt. Ce test permettra également d’évaluer les deux hypothèses relatives au nombred’apparition de la caste des ouvriers vrais postulées dans la littérature (Watson et Sewell, 1985 ;Noirot et Pasteels, 1988). L’une de ces hypothèses fait appel aux notions d’homoplasie, deconvergence et de parallélisme. Elles seront donc également discutées. Enfin, deux hypothèsesconcernant l’évolution du polymorphisme ont été proposées (Watson et Sewell, 1985 ; Noirot,1985a,b). L’évolution du polymorphisme a souvent été comprise en termes de sélectionnaturelle et d’adaptation à l’environnement (Nijhout, 2003). Ces hypothèses seront testées etl’évolution du polymorphisme étudiée en regard de la théorie de la sélection naturelle.40
CHAPITRE IIMat é r i e l s e t m é t h o d e sBut first, why even reconstruct phylogeny ? Besidesidentifying lineages of organisms, we can record thesuccess and demise of those lineages, and perhapseven provide explanations for these outcomes.Phylogenies also allow the interpretation ofevolutionary patterns.Gri m a l d i et En g e l (2005)
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UFR des Sciences de la VieEcole Doc
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Je remercie toutes les personnes av
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II. Mat é r i e l s e t m é t h o
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III. Réversibilité, c o n t r a i
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CHAPITRE IVEv o l u t i o n d e s c
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Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p o r t
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V. Dis c u s s ion g é n é r a l
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Ré f é r e n c e s b i b l i o g
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ANNEXE IDéf i n i t i o n s deq u
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ANNEXE IIPr o t o c o l e d’ex t
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ANNEXE IIILeg e n d r e et al . (Bi
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An n e x e sAbstractA new method is
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An n e x e sexpressed in such non-s
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An n e x e sanother species would a
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An n e x e sMolecular data for all
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An n e x e sevolutionary ecological
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An n e x e sThe comparison of the t
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An n e x e sDefining and including
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An n e x e s“avoiding” acts (GD
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An n e x e sGautier JY, Deleporte P
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An n e x e sMcLennan DA, Brooks DR,
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An n e x e sWenzel JW. 1993. Applic
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An n e x e sTable 1: PCR primers na
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An n e x e sTable 4: Phylogenetic a
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An n e x e sPhortioeca nimbataP.n.
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An n e x e sSchultesia lampyridifor
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An n e x e sSpecies 1 = outgroupInd
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An n e x e sAnalysis AEublaberus di
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igureEv o l u t i o n d u c o m p o
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FigureEv o l u t i o n d u c o m p
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Figure Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p
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FigureEv o l u t i o n d u c o m p
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ablesEvo l u t i o n d u c o m p o
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ANNEXE VICom m a n d e s de s an a
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An n e x e sCommandes relatives à
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ANNEXE XIICur r i c u l u m Vi t a
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An n e x e s
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Ré s u m éPh y l o g é n i e e t
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PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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