PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p o r t e m e n t s o c i a lTable I. Definitions of the behavioral acts (also according to Bell et al., 1979; Gautier, 1974;Gorton and Gerhardt, 1979; Grandcolas, 1991; van Baaren et al., 2002).BehaviorspromotinginteractionsAgonisticbehaviorsDominance-likebehaviorsAvoiding contactBehaviorswithout particularsignificationApproach (App)Antennation (Ant)Mutualantennation (MA)Bite (Bi)Kick (K)Butt (Bu)Climb (Cl)Stilt posture (S)Stilt posture andantennation (SA)Body up and down(SD)Move away (Mo)Escape (Es)Turn away (TA)Move back (MB)Body leaning (BL)Crouch (C)Full crouch (FC)Antennaegrooming (AG)Leg grooming (LG)Does nothing (No)Moving towards the other individualAntennal contact with the body of the other individualAntennal contact with the antennae of the other individualAn individual bites the otherAn individual kicks the other with one legAn individual pushes the other with its pronotumClimbing onto the body of the other individual with one tosix legsStilt posture. An individual rises on its legsStilt posture combined with antennal movementRapidly after a stilt posture, an individual goes downAn individual moves away from the other but stops inproximityEscape. An individual moves quickly away from the otherRotation: turning away from the other individual (withoutsignificant displacement of the centre of gravity of thebody)Withdrawal. An individual moves away from the otherTilt posture. An individual gives way of legs on itsstimulated sideAn individual goes downAn individual goes down and hides its antennaeGrooming behavior of the antennaGrooming behavior of the legNothing. The individual does nothing notableTable II. Characteristics of behavioral sequences of larvae of T.a., S.l., P.n., L.e. and P.b., forgroups of six larvae observed in standard conditions (see text for further explanation).T.a. S.l. P.n. L.e. P.b.Repertoire size 17 19 15 15 18Number of acts per sequence(mean ± SE)Frequency of interactions (per hour)(mean ± SE)6 ± 2 7 ± 2 6 ± 3 6 ± 2 6 ± 331 ± 24 65 ± 15 30 ± 15 34 ± 18 63 ± 13336
An n e x e sTable III. Frequencies of acts in larvae of T.a., S.l., P.n., L.e. and P.b. in interactions withingroups of six larvae. Percentages were calculated in terms of initiator and responder of theinteraction according to 445, 1308, 552, 640 and 763 acts observed, respectively.Behavioral acts Initiator ResponderT.a. S.l. L.e. P.n. P.b. T.a. S.l. L.e. P.n. P.b.Promoting contactApproach 11.7 20 16.6 12.9 9.9 2 3.2 0 0.9 9.1Antennation 20.2 27.9 20.8 29.2 27.1 20.4 33 20.9 31.2 4.7Mutual antennation 4.7 5.5 13.8 8.9 6.1 4.5 5.8 14.8 9.6 6.5AgonisticBite 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.0Kick 0.4 0.2 0 0 1.4 0.4 0.2 0 0 1.2Butt 0 5.5 0 0 5.9 0 5.5 0 0 2.3Dominance-likeClimb 8.5 8.5 9.8 9.1 21.1 7 8 6.9 6.4 0.3Stilt posture 0 0.3 1.7 0.9 0.0 0 0.3 1.6 0.9 3.8Stilt posture and antennation 14.6 1.1 5 4 0.0 10.8 1.1 5 3.3 0.9Body up and down 0.2 0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 0 0.6 0.2 0.0Avoiding contactMove away 2.5 12.3 2.2 2.5 21.5 12.6 22 17.7 13.1 11.7Escape 0 0.4 0 0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0 0 4.1Turn away 8.3 11.2 10 10 1.6 9.4 12 11.1 10.5 7.6Move back 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.5 3.8Body leaning 0 0.8 0 0 0.4 0 1.2 0 0 10.3Crouch 3.1 2.5 5.8 8 0.2 3.6 2.7 6.3 8.9 7.9Full crouch 9.9 0.3 3.1 3.6 0.0 11 0.4 3.6 3.8 1.8Without clear significationAntennae grooming 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6Leg grooming 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3Does nothing 13.5 1.7 9.1 8.7 1.2 15.1 2.7 9.8 9.1 23.2337
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UFR des Sciences de la VieEcole Doc
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Je remercie toutes les personnes av
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Ta b l e d e s Mat i è r e sRe m e
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Données moléculaires sans les sé
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Ch a p i t r e V : Di s c u s s i o
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Figure 3.10 : Analyse cladistique d
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Li s t e d e s Ta b l e au xTableau
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In t r o d u c t i o nNothing in bi
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Ev o l u t i o n d u c o m p o r t
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I. An a ly s e d u c o n t e x t e
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II. Mat é r i e l s e t m é t h o
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ABCDEGHFJIK
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III. Réversibilité, c o n t r a i
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CHAPITRE IVEv o l u t i o n d e s c
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V. Dis c u s s ion g é n é r a l
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Ré f é r e n c e s b i b l i o g
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ANNEXE IDéf i n i t i o n s deq u
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ANNEXE IIPr o t o c o l e d’ex t
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ANNEXE IIILeg e n d r e et al . (Bi
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An n e x e sAbstractA new method is
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An n e x e sexpressed in such non-s
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An n e x e sanother species would a
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Page 317 and 318: An n e x e sWenzel JW. 1993. Applic
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ANNEXE XIICur r i c u l u m Vi t a
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An n e x e s
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An n e x e s
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Ré s u m éPh y l o g é n i e e t
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PhylogÃ©nie Et Evolution Du Comportement Social Chez Les Blattes ...

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