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175Savoy, Kansas, Siloam Springs and Tahlequah. The selected events are listedin Table 1.4 Options Available to Couple Lumped Rainfall-Runoff Modelsand Hydraulic ModelsIn this section, we present the different options to couple lumped RR models180simulating lateral inflows contributions to the main river, and a hydraulictel-00392240, version 1 - 5 Jun 2009185190model. Figure 2 shows the scheme applied to couple the two models: for thesake of simplicity, we now consider a river reach between two gauging stations.This reach receives several tributaries. Propagation along the reach is handledby a hydraulic model and lateral contributions are calculated by lumped RRmodels using mean areal rainfall on lateral sub-catchments. The coupled modelis only calibrated against measured streamflows at the downstream end of thereach (here the Tahlequah station).Here measured flows at the upstream station (Savoy) were used as an upstreamboundary condition for the hydraulic model. This differs significantly from theDMIP project protocol where no streamflow data should be used upstream ofthe calibration point. We used a measured upstream boundary condition toavoid introducing additional errors coming from upstream simulations and toconcentrate on the river reach itself.4.1 Description of the two coupling options195As indicated in the previous sections, the first question investigated in thispaper focuses on the formulation of lateral inflows as point or uniformly dis-10