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tributed. Accordingly, the different coupling options will be split in two:(1) Options that consider both types of inflows: in these options, contributionsfrom a number of tributaries are injected into the hydraulic model in the200form of point inflows located at their confluences with the main river.The contribution from the remaining area (called the “intermediate area”on Figure 2) is injected as uniformly distributed lateral inflows coveringthe whole river reach. All these contributions are simulated by the RRmodels.tel-00392240, version 1 - 5 Jun 2009205210(2) Options that do not consider uniformly distributed lateral inflows: In theseoptions, only point lateral inflows are considered. Hence, the contributionfrom the intermediate area, injected in the form of a uniformelydistributed inflow in the previous option, is not taken into account here.To avoid an underestimation of calculated streamflows in this option,each tributary contribution is multiplied by a scaling factor α accordingto the following equation.Q ∗ i = αQ iα = S Down − S Up∑ Ni=1S iwhere Q i is the contribution from the i th tributary calculated by theRR model, Q ∗ ithe point inflow injected in the hydraulic model, S i is215the catchment area of the i th tributary, S Up and S Down are the areas ofthe upstream and downstream gauging station catchment, respectively,and N is the total number of tributaries considered in this configuration.S Down − S Up represents the total area drained by the river reach betweenthe two stations.11