ModelSim SE User's Manual - Electrical and Computer Engineering

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UM-386 15 - Functional coverage with PSL and ModelSim Configuring functional coverage directives ModelSim SE User’s Manual After writing coverage assertions and compiling them along with the design, you may want to edit the default configuration for individual directives. Follow these steps to configure directives: 1 Select View > Debug Windows > Functional Coverage to see your directives in the Functional Coverage pane. 2 Select Tools > Functional Coverage > Configure or use the fcover configure command (CR-169). The configuration dialog lets you enable/disable directive counting and logging, include/ exclude directives from statistics calculation, set a weight for directives, and specify a minimum number of times a directive should fire. See "Configure cover directives dialog" (GR-149) for more details. You can also select directives in the Functional Coverage pane first and then open the dialog. In that case the "Configure on" section of the dialog is excluded.
Weighting coverage directives Configuring functional coverage directives UM-387 As shown in the dialog above, you can assign weights to coverage directives. Weighting affects the aggregated coverage statistics in the currently selected design region. A directive with a weight of 2 has twice the effect of a directive with a weight of 1. Conversely, assigning a directive a weight of 0 would omit the directive from the statistics calculation. See "Understanding aggregated statistics" (UM-393) for more details. Weighting is a decision you make as to which cover points are more important than others within the context of the design and the objectives of the test. Weightings might change based on the simulation run as specific runs could be setup with different test objectives. The weightings would then be a good way of filtering how close the test came in achieving its objectives. Example scenario Choosing "AtLeast" counts The likelihood that each type of bus transaction could be interrupted in a general test is very low as interrupted transactions are normally rare. You would probably want to ensure that the design handles the interrupt of all types of transactions and recovers properly from them. Therefore, you might construct a test such that the stimulus is constrained to ensure that all types of transactions are generated and that the probability of transactions being interrupted is relatively high. For that test, the weighting of the interrupted transaction cover points would probably be higher than the weightings of uninterrupted transactions (or other coverage criteria). The AtLeast count is a minimum threshold of coverage that gives you some confidence that the run was meaningful. You don’t need to set this threshold on every directive, but you should understand which minimal thresholds make for a useful simulation run based on your design and the objectives of the verification session. For example, say your test program requires a certain level of PCI traffic during the simulation. 30 PCI STOP transactions might be a proxy measure of sufficient PCI traffic, so you would set an AtLeast count of 30 on the "PCI STOP" coverage directive. Another example might be that a FIFO full should have been achieved at least once as that would indicate that enough activity occurred during the simulation to reach a key threshold. So, your "FIFO full" directive would get an AtLeast count of 1. ModelSim SE User’s Manual
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ModelSim® Advanced Verification an
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Table of Contents 1 - Introduction
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Delta delays . . . . . . . . . . .
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ModelSim Verilog system tasks and f
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VHDL: instantiating SystemC . . . .
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Creating waveforms from patterns .
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14 - PSL Assertions (UM-359) What a
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17 - Signal Spy (UM-417) Introducti
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Starting the debugger . . . . . . .
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Steps in flow . . . . . . . . . . .
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1 - Introduction Chapter contents M
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ModelSim simulation task overview M
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Basic steps for simulation UM-25 Li
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ModelSim modes of operation ModelSi
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ModelSim graphic interface overview
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Sections in this document Sections
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Sections in this document UM-33 H -
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Where to find our documentation Whe
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2 - Projects Chapter contents Intro
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Project conversion between versions
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workspace Getting started with proj
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Step 3 — Compiling the files Gett
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The Project tab Sorting the list Th
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Grouping files Changing compile ord
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Optimization Configurations Creatin
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Organizing projects with folders UM
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Specifying file properties and proj
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Accessing projects from the command
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3 - Design libraries Chapter conten
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Archives Design library overview UM
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Managing library contents Working w
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Moving a library Working with desig
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Alternate IEEE libraries supplied R
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Referencing source files with locat
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Importing FPGA libraries Importing
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4 - VHDL simulation Chapter content
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Compiling VHDL files Creating a des
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Differences between language versio
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Compiling VHDL files UM-77 bit stri
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Default binding Simulating VHDL des
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Simulating VHDL designs UM-81 In th
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Creating an elaboration file Loadin
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Example Simulating with an elaborat
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Controlling checkpoint file compres
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Using STD_INPUT and STD_OUTPUT with
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Reading and writing hexadecimal num
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VITAL specification and source code
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Compiling and simulating with accel
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init_signal_driver() init_signal_sp
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to_time() Util package UM-99 to_tim
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Modeling memory ’87 and ’93 exa
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if (mwrite = '1') then ram(address)
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BEGIN return mem(to_integer(addr));
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BEGIN FOR i IN 0 TO 1023 LOOP we
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Converting an integer into a bit_ve
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5 - Verilog simulation Chapter cont
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Introduction ModelSim Verilog basic
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Incremental compilation Compiling V
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Library usage Compiling Verilog fil
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Verilog-XL compatible compiler argu
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Compiling Verilog files UM-121 The
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Verilog generate statements Compili
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Naming the optimized design Optimiz
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Optimizing Verilog designs UM-127 I
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Simulating Verilog designs Simulato
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`timescale, -t, and rounding Simula
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Simulating Verilog designs UM-133 T
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Simulating Verilog designs UM-135 M
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+pulse_e_style_onevent +pulse_int_e
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Creating an elaboration file Loadin
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Example Simulating with an elaborat
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Controlling checkpoint file compres
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Distributed delay mode In distribut
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System tasks and functions UM-147 a
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File I/O tasks $fclose $fopen $fwri
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System tasks and functions UM-151 T
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Compiler directives Compiler direct
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ModelSim compiler directives The fo
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Determining which memories were imp
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6 - SystemC simulation Chapter cont
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Supported platforms and compiler ve
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Usage flow for SystemC-only designs
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Code modification examples Compilin
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Example 3 Compiling SystemC files U
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Restrictions on compiling with HP a
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Issues with C++ templates Templatiz
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Simulating SystemC designs Loading
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Initialization and cleanup of Syste
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Waveform compare Debugging the desi
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Debugging the design UM-179 The gdb
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Viewing FIFOs SystemC object and ty
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OSCI 2.1 features supported Differe
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Troubleshooting SystemC errors UM-1
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7 - Mixed-language simulation Chapt
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Usage flow for mixed-language simul
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Simulator resolution limit Runtime
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Mapping data types Verilog to VHDL
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VHDL to Verilog mappings Mapping da
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Channels Ports Verilog mapping sc_b
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Verilog sc_logic sc_bit bool SuX 'X
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SystemC VHDL sc_int, sc_uint bit_ve
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VHDL: instantiating Verilog Verilog
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The generic type is determined by t
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Verilog: instantiating VHDL VHDL in
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SystemC: instantiating Verilog Veri
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Example #2 SystemC: instantiating V
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}; } #endif // Connect ports chip->
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Example of parameter use format_cha
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SystemC: instantiating VHDL VHDL in
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Example SystemC: instantiating VHDL
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); END ringbuf; ARCHITECTURE RTL OF
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vgencomp component declaration vgen
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8 - WLF files (datasets) and virtua
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Saving a simulation to a WLF file O
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Managing multiple datasets WLF file
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Saving at intervals with Dataset Sn
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Virtual Objects (User-defined buses
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Virtual regions Virtual types Virtu
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9 - Waveform analysis Chapter conte
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Introduction Objects you can view W
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Wave window overview UM-241 Here is
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List window overview List window ov
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Measuring time with cursors in the
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Jumping to a signal transition Meas
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Zooming the Wave window display Zoo
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Searching in the Wave and List wind
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Using the Expression Builder for ex
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Formatting the Wave window Setting
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Formatting the Wave window UM-257 3
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Formatting the List window Setting
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Saving the window format Saving the
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Saving List window data to a file S
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Configuring new line triggering in
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Configuring new line triggering in
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Miscellaneous tasks Examining wavef
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Comparison Wizard Waveform Compare
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Test Dataset Waveform Compare UM-27
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Adding regions Waveform Compare UM-
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Clocked comparison Waveform Compare
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Viewing differences in the Wave win
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Compare icons Waveform Compare UM-2
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Comparing hierarchical and flattene
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10 - Generating stimulus with Wavef
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Getting started You can use Wavefor
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Creating waveforms from patterns Cr
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Editing waveforms GR-291 These comm
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Simulating directly from waveform e
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Driving simulation with the saved s
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Saving the waveform editor commands
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11 - Tracing signals with the Dataf
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Adding objects to the window Adding
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Exploring the connectivity of your
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Zooming and panning Zooming with to
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Tracing the source of an unknown (X
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Finding objects by name in the Data
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Printing on Windows platforms Selec
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Symbol mapping Symbol mapping UM-31
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Configuring window options Configur
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12 - Profiling performance and memo
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Getting started Memory allocation p
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Enabling the statistical sampling p
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Interpreting profiler data Interpre
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The Call Tree view Viewing profiler
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Viewing profile details Viewing pro
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Integration with Source windows Int
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Reporting profiler results Reportin
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13 - Measuring code coverage Chapte
Page 335 and 336: Supported types ModelSim code cover
Page 337 and 338: Enabling code coverage Enabling cod
Page 339 and 340: Enabling code coverage UM-339 Next,
Page 341 and 342: Viewing coverage data in the Source
Page 343 and 344: Toggle coverage Enabling Toggle cov
Page 345 and 346: 3 Produce the report with the toggl
Page 347 and 348: Excluding objects from coverage Exc
Page 349 and 350: end instance Default filter file Ex
Page 351 and 352: XML output Reporting coverage data
Page 353 and 354: Instance report with line details R
Page 355 and 356: Coverage statistics details Conditi
Page 357 and 358: Coverage statistics details UM-357
Page 359 and 360: 14 - PSL Assertions Chapter content
Page 361 and 362: PSL assertion language What are ass
Page 363 and 364: Using cover directives Using assert
Page 365 and 366: REF2); signal mem_state : memory_st
Page 367 and 368: } // Check the write cycle property
Page 369 and 370: Multi-clocked properties and defaul
Page 371 and 372: Using endpoints in HDL code Example
Page 373 and 374: Restrictions Clocking endpoints Usi
Page 375 and 376: Compiling and simulating assertions
Page 377 and 378: Enabling/disabling failure and pass
Page 379 and 380: Setting failure and pass limits Man
Page 381 and 382: Reporting on assertions Reporting o
Page 383 and 384: 15 - Functional coverage with PSL a
Page 385: Compiling and simulating functional
Page 389 and 390: Viewing coverage directives in the
Page 391 and 392: Reporting functional coverage stati
Page 393 and 394: Tag Meaning Understanding aggregate
Page 395 and 396: Saving functional coverage data Sav
Page 397 and 398: Clearing functional coverage data C
Page 399 and 400: 16 - C Debug Chapter contents Intro
Page 401 and 402: Supported platforms and gdb version
Page 403 and 404: Setting breakpoints Setting breakpo
Page 405 and 406: Stepping in C Debug Stepping in C D
Page 407 and 408: Identifying all registered function
Page 409 and 410: Auto find bp versus Auto step mode
Page 411 and 412: Debugging functions during elaborat
Page 413 and 414: VPI functions in initialization mod
Page 415 and 416: C Debug command reference C Debug c
Page 417 and 418: 17 - Signal Spy Chapter contents In
Page 419 and 420: init_signal_driver Call only once S
Page 421 and 422: Example library IEEE, modelsim_lib;
Page 423 and 424: Arguments Related procedures Limita
Page 425 and 426: signal_force Syntax Returns Argumen
Page 427 and 428: signal_release Syntax Returns Argum
Page 429 and 430: $init_signal_driver Call only once
Page 431 and 432: Example `timescale 1 ps / 1 ps modu
Page 433 and 434: Related tasks Limitations Example N
Page 435 and 436: Related tasks Limitations Example N
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Example module testbench; reg relea
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18 - Standard Delay Format (SDF) Ti
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SDF specification with the GUI Erro
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Resolving errors VHDL VITAL SDF UM-
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Examples Optional arguments can be
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REMOVAL is matched to $removal: SDF
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Optional conditions Timing check po
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Interconnect delays Interconnect de
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Mistaking a component or module nam
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19 - Value Change Dump (VCD) Files
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Checkpoint/restore and writing VCD
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Example 3 — Mixed-HDL design Firs
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ModelSim VCD commands and VCD tasks
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A VCD file from source to output VH
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x) x* x+ x, $end #300 $dumpon 1! 0"
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Capturing port driver data Supporte
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Example VCD output from vcd dumppor
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20 - Tcl and macros (DO files) Chap
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Tcl commands Tcl commands UM-473 Fo
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Tcl command syntax UM-475 7 If a wo
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set command syntax Tcl command synt
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Variable substitution System comman
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ModelSim Tcl time commands Conversi
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Tcl examples This is an example of
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} if {$windowName == ""} { # Dialog
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Macros (DO files) Creating DO files
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set vFilesExist 1 } shift } if {$vh
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Using the Tcl source command with D
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The Tcl Debugger Starting the debug
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Breakpoints The Tcl Debugger UM-495
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TclPro Debugger TclPro Debugger UM-
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A - ModelSim GUI changes Appendix c
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Main window changes UM-501 See "Cus
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Main window changes UM-503 File > O
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View menu The View menu has been re
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Tools menu The 6.0 Main window Tool
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List window changes File menu The L
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File menu See "Memory windows" (GR-
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View menu The Memory window > View
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Edit menu The Signals window > Edit
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View menu The Source window > File
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B - ModelSim variables Appendix con
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Environment variables Environment v
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Library mapping with environment va
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[Library] library path variables Va
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[vcom] VHDL compiler control variab
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[vsim] simulator control variables
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Preference variables located in INI
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Commonly used INI variables Prefere
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Force command defaults Preference v
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Variable precedence Variable preced
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Special considerations for the now
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C - Error and warning messages Appe
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ModelSim message system UM-547 Ther
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Exit codes The table below describe
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Miscellaneous messages Miscellaneou
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Miscellaneous messages UM-553 model
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VSIM license lost Message text Cons
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Suggested action Multiply defined s
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D - Verilog PLI / VPI / DPI Chapter
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Registering PLI applications Regist
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Registering VPI applications Exampl
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Registering DPI applications Regist
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For Windows only: Run a preliminary
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32-bit Linux platform Compiling and
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gcc compiler gcc -c -I//modeltech/i
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For DPI imports 64-bit IBM RS/6000
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32-bit Linux platform Compiling and
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64-bit Solaris platform Compiling a
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64-bit IBM RS/6000 platform DPI spe
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Loading shared objects with global
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VPI example The following example i
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The PLI callback reason argument Th
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The sizetf callback function The si
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Third party PLI applications Third
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IEEE Std 1364 ACC routines IEEE Std
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IEEE Std 1364 TF routines IEEE Std
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SystemVerilog DPI access routines S
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Verilog-XL compatible routines Veri
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PLI/VPI tracing The purpose of trac
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Debugging PLI/VPI/DPI application c
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E - ModelSim shortcuts Appendix con
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Main and Source window mouse and ke
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Keystrokes - UNIX Keystrokes - Wind
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Wave window mouse and keyboard shor
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F - System initialization Appendix
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Environment variables accessed duri
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Initialization sequence Initializat
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G - Logic Modeling SmartModels Appe
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Creating foreign architectures with
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Vector ports Entity details VHDL Sm
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SmartModel Windows VHDL SmartModel
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Verilog SmartModel interface Verilo
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H - Logic Modeling hardware models
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Creating foreign architectures with
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Vector ports Architecture details V
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End-User License Agreement IMPORTAN
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COMPLIED WITH THIS AGREEMENT. MENTO
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Graphics shall only use or disclose
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Index CR = Command Reference, UM =
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Stop on quit mode UM-414 C Debug se
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mem search CR-204 modelsim CR-206 n
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ange checking in VHDL CR-316, UM-74
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Add Folder GR-47 C Debug setup GR-9
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F -f CR-360 F8 function key UM-607
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Verilog modules UM-125 VHDL subprog
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Memory window GR-169 GUI changes UM
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optimizing Verilog designs design o
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eaders and drivers UM-303 readers c
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adix specifying for examine CR-163
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system tasks VCD UM-461 Verilog UM-
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U -u CR-365 unbound component GR-53
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library clause UM-64 mixed designs
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text editing UM-605 windows Active
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