Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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Results Pacifiers reduced Any BF HR 1.22 (1.03, 1.44) Daily pacifier use and duration of full breastfeeding RR 1.35 (1.05, 1.74) Overall no effect of pacifiers on breastfeeding duration (RCTs had no effect, cohort studies showed some effect) See critique by Kronborg 2009 Birth Effect on risk Negative Negative None Negative Clinical 1 1 0 1 importance Clinical 1 1 1 1 relevance Generalisability Y to USA ? Aust Y N Y Applicability Y Y N Y Pacifiers reduced duration of EBF and ABF EBF 1.79 (1.45,2.21) ABF 1.95 (1.66-2.29) Reference Kronborg 2009 Birth Butler S, Williams M, Tukuitonga C & Paterson J The New Zealand Medical Journal 2004; 117. Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy WH, Graham KI, Pediatrics 2006; 117 e643-e655 Clements et al Acta Paediatr, 1997; 86:51-56 Type of study Cohort Prospective cohort Prospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Level of evidence II (aetiology) II (aetiology) II (aetiology) II (aetiology) Definition of breastfeeding Any breastfeeding duration Intervention Comparator EBF –defined as a child being fed only on mother’s milk Pacifier before 2 weeks v’s none or later Exclusive breastfeeding – other (includes water) Not breastfeeding exclusively Dummy used yes vs no (reference) Discontinuation of any before 12 months and full breastfeeding before 6 months (WHO) Pacifier introduced < 4 wk 4-10wk >10 wk Mot using a pacifier at 12 mo Pacifier use in last 2 weeks Yes vs no (ref) 149
N Population/study information 570 Births in Aarhus, Western Denmark (ref) 1247 587 (68% of 870 women contacted and 55% of 1068 eligible women) Auckland, New Zealand 1 or more parent Pacific ethnicity Data part of Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study through interviews with mothers & hospital records Mothers were recruited from maternity wards of two Perth metropolitan hospitals within 72 hrs of birth. Quality P P P P Results Pacifiers reduced duration of EBF RR adjusted 1.42 (1.18,1.72) Adj OR not breastfeeding exclusively at 6 weeks postbirth 2.48 (95%CI 1.79-3.44) Risk of discontinuing any BF Adj OR (95% CI) < 4 wk 1.92 (1.40-2.64) 4-10 wk 1.97 (1.13-3.46) > 10 wk 1.61 (0.86-3.00) Risk of discontinuing full BF < 4 wk 1.92 (1.39-2.64) 4-10 wk 11.85 (1.06 – 3.22) > 10 wk 1.47 (0.79-2.73) 700 Infants from South West Thames (UK) region were randomly selected from all births, except home births. The subjects were randomly allocated an age at which to be interviewed, in such a way as to ensure that they had a similar age distribution to that previously described for SIDS cases. The median age was 90 days (range 30-302 days). The study ran from 14 October 1990 to 13 October 1991. Any breastfeeding duration Adj HR (95% CI) 2.64 (1.81-3.84) 150
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Infant Feeding Guidelines for Healt
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One of the responses of the Austral
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Goat’s milk .....................
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period of this review will generall
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Infant formula - Preparation, use a
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Protein levels of infant formula. F
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a. Will the use of a heavier refere
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Time to first feed and breastfeedin
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controlled for in multivariate logi
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the baby, or for suturing the mothe
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Impact of delivery method on breast
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Studies used to make evidence state
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For those who were fully breastfeed
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Effect on risk 0.56-0.88) Assisted
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significant Breastfeeding initiatio
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Results Adj OR never breastfed Assi
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Birth weight and breastfeeding If t
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3500-3999 vs 3000-3499 1.00 (95% CI
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Population/study information Perth,
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Any breastfeeding duration No adjOR
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cohort study reported no associatio
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Results [8] Intro of formula at 4 w
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Clinical 1 1 1 importance Clinical
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6. If mother-baby separation is una
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Studies reviewed to make evidence s
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Reference Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy
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Effect on risk There was no associa
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infant Clinical 1 1 1 4 importance
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Reference Qiu et al Asia Pac J Clin
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Social support (other than fathers)
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pregnancy interventions on breastfe
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Reference Scott JA, Landers MCG, Hu
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weeks, 3 months & 6 months postpart
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Quality P O P Results Breastfeeding
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analysis analysis Effect on risk No
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Location (rural vs urban) and breas
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Effect on risk New Territories not
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Socioeconomic status Sufficient evi
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Quality P P O P Results Adj OR any
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Whether the mechanism for this asso
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obesity and infant feeding intentio
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Parity and Breastfeeding Parity has
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Quality P P P P Results No signific
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discharge. Quality P P P P Results
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Effect on risk There was not associ
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Effect on risk No effect of parity
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For Australian mothers 5 studies fo
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25-29 1.710 (1.085, 2.698) ≤24 1.
Page 105 and 106: 30-34: 0.87 (95%CI 0.64-1.18) Adjus
Page 107 and 108: Clinical 1 2 1 relevance Generalisa
Page 109 and 110: Reference Binns CW, Gilchrist D, Gr
Page 111 and 112: Population/study information Infant
Page 113 and 114: Intervention/ comparator 40 years v
Page 115 and 116: Maternal education and breastfeedin
Page 117 and 118: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 119 and 120: Effect on risk Mothers who complete
Page 121 and 122: significant independent association
Page 123 and 124: Demand feeding, Rooming in and brea
Page 125 and 126: Effect on risk There was no signifi
Page 127 and 128: 1991. Quality P P P P Results No sp
Page 131 and 132: Cultural differences on Exercise an
Page 133 and 134: During pregnancy, women should avoi
Page 135 and 136: findings of this study support the
Page 139 and 140: N 14 countries 3032 17 359 singleto
Page 141 and 142: 8. Encourage breastfeeding on deman
Page 143 and 144: Breastfeeding and SIDS BREASTFEEDIN
Page 145 and 146: descriptive) RESULTS Outcome EXTERN
Page 147 and 148: Additional Notes 1. Clinical Eviden
Page 149 and 150: Use of Pacifiers for the Prevention
Page 151 and 152: American Academy of Pediatrics Poli
Page 153 and 154: Parslow et al. 2004). In addition,
Page 155: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 159 and 160: Both the Baby Friendly Hospital Ini
Page 161 and 162: lanolin, aerosol spray, ointment, f
Page 163 and 164: Incidence of nipple pain/trauma No
Page 167 and 168: Effect on risk Sore nipples, althou
Page 169 and 170: Systemic antibiotics are recommende
Page 171 and 172: Results Routine Care Versus Heat Ve
Page 173 and 174: anticipatory guidance with regard t
Page 175 and 176: In a cohort of 280 mother-infant pa
Page 177 and 178: months in 1987-9. Completed two wri
Page 179 and 180: Population/study information Sample
Page 181 and 182: Nipple Shield Use Search results Th
Page 183 and 184: Other Nipple Problems Eczema and De
Page 185 and 186: Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the Nippl
Page 187 and 188: Table. Management of breastmilk ins
Page 189 and 190: Effect on risk Factor analysis sugg
Page 191 and 192: Definition of breastfeeding Interve
Page 193 and 194: Reference Hurley et al. 2008 Gatti
Page 195 and 196: y test-weighing) Clinical 1 1 1 imp
Page 197 and 198: Engorgement of the Breast Search re
Page 199 and 200: more frequently prior to the recurr
Page 203 and 204: Reference Mangesi & Dowswell 2010 C
Page 205 and 206: Inflammatory conditions of the brea
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Three studies reported on the occur
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In the management of mastitis, the
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Quality 0 0 P Results The cumulativ
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was an intention to breastfeed. Par
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Level of evidence I (a) I (aetiolog
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Further adequately powered research
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Applicability Satisfactory Results
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Reference Kvist et al. 2007 Kvist e
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egarding aspiration technique Effec
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Many epidemiological studies have d
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normal functioning (Horowitz and Go
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• Ask mothers if they are losing
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the first 3 months postpartum, with
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Effect on risk This variability is
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In a US study of 802 women they fou
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Studies used to determine the risk
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A predictive relationship was consi
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The effect size of social support i
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weeks of delivery Four validated se
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growth faltering N > 22,000 929 chi
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Breast Refusal Search results The i
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Prevalence Rates of Excessive Cryin
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Regurgitation, gastroesophageal ref
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(Dwyer and Ponsonby 2009). Medicati
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ultrasonically. Real time ultrasoni
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Reference Heine et al. (2006) Cheri
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There was no significant associatio
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positioning strategies. The treatme
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Reference van Wijk et al. (2007) Co
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Generalisability Y Y- Italy Y Appli
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myenteric plexus Quality P P N Resu
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comparator N Population/study infor
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Effect on risk There were fewer adv
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Component Rating Notes Evidence Bas
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and/or difficulty of the baby latch
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Reference Dollberg et al. 2006 Srin
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Effect on risk Frenotomy alleviates
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Studies used to make the statement
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Notes on postpartum weight loss Ip
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Main results: Twelve studies met th
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Storage of Expressed Breastmilk Wha
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4. Storage of Expressed Breastmilk
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Expression and Breastfeeding durati
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duration) Clinical 1 1 1 importance
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VI Breastfeeding in specific situat
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Mothers currently using illicit dru
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Summary of the evidence The effect
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showing a negative association with
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Population/study information breast
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Effect on risk response relationshi
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pregnancy Quality P P P P Results A
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Reference Forster DA, McLachlan HL
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who did not stop smoking. duration
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-1, 5) Not breastfeeding: 1% (95% C
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≥6 vs non-smoker Adj OR (95%CI) n
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Larger hospitals - mothers recruite
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The Merck Manual online version als
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Sufficient evidence was found to ma
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Does return to work negatively affe
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Returned to work (
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N [5] 2079 of 3670 questionnaires r
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Reference [1] Forster DA, McLachlan
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technical 0.32 (95%CI 0.25-0.42) Se
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Reference Scott JA, Aitkin I, Binns
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Contraception and Breastfeeding The
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Authors’ conclusions: Postpartum
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ich countries where there it is aff
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eview by (Bulteel and Henderson 200
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Galactosaemia in Infants Search res
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of birth. Every effort should be ma
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Hepatitis C and HIV co-infected mot
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significantly affect HCV transmissi
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The PKU handbook includes the follo
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Tuberculosis and Breastfeeding Sear
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Syphillis in Breastfeeding Mothers
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paediatricians (Australian College
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the Cochrane Central Register of Co
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Objectives: To determine the effect
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Objectives: In newborn infants with
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information on bottle-feeding and d
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Cow’s Milk Search results The ini
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The SLR by Wijndaele and colleagues
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infants were fed formula for 1 mont
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Quality 0 (No to 6.2 and 7.4 P P 0
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Reference Conn et al. 2009 Couper e
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eastfed Fe intake was inadequate fo
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England. After the birth, a short q
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food weighing (BM: n =21; BCM: n =
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Population/study information Sample
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positive stools upon cow milk feedi
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data were collected from the parent
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Applicability Y- Denmark Y - Vietna
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milk during infancy can result in s
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X Infant feeding and later Outcomes
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Overall quality assessment (Positiv
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finally recruited. Outcome measure
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Intervention Comparator N Populatio
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elevance Generalisability Y N Y App
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Current advice from the Australasia
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elevant food allergens altogether.
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71. However, it should be recognise
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Obesity and infant feeding The dura
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) Around six months c) Around six m
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The Paediatrics & Child Health Divi
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Belarus found that during the perio
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The American Academy of Pediatrics
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efore age 4 months was associated w
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isk of obesity at age 7 yrs. while
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Effect on risk Positive Positive Ne
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Results Any breastfeeding reduced t
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eastfeeding promotion intervention
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Effect on risk Negative Negative Ne
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Additional Notes Horta: Meta-analys
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socioeconomic status strongly influ
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Breastfeeding and Obesity Notes Whi
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Breastfeeding and Bowel Disease: Co
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Notes on Coeliac Disease and IBD -
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This paper is not directly related
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Table 1 Death rates from coronary a
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Figure 1 Hazard ratios for coronary
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These adaptations permanently ‘re
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postnatal growth—programs to avoi
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“Health care professional’ - a
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7.3. No financial or material induc
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Appendix 460
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9 FISH (S1.1) Data was extracted fr
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allergies. Assigned to n-3 egg, no
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Table 13.1 Studies used to make evi
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14 SUGARS (S1.1) SUGARS and DENTAL
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Effect on risk (Increase/None /Prot
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Clinical importance Clinical releva
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Population/study information [6] Ch
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obesity (P=0.008) and 6.2-fold risk
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quality and were both conducted in
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associated with a decreased risk of
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The systematic review was of very p
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Effect on risk (0.45-76.85). (OR ra
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excluded. from the Denver metropoli
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21 DIETARY PATTERNS (U1.1) What die
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Applicability Excellent Studies con
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or Neutral) plus descriptive) RESUL
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Table 24.2 Summary used to make evi
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Statistical analysis methods Overal
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from 8 - 12 months (outcome three);
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infants with low z-scores provided
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Kajosaari 1983 and Oddy 1999 report
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of upper respiratory infectionRR 0.
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still be managed individually so th
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Length of follow-up Outcome(s) meas
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0.94 (95% CI 0.87 -1.01). Professio
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Conclusion Additional professional
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Outcome(s) measured INTERNAL VALIDI
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Conclusion PIM is one of the most c
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Table 24.3 Summary used to make evi
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BREASTFEEDING AND SUDDEN INFANT DEA
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RESULTS Outcome EXTERNAL VALIDITY G
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ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE AND BREASTFEEDING
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Table 26.1 Summary of studies to ma
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SELENIUM AND BREASTFEEDING OUTCOMES
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Table 26.2 Summary of studies used
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED BR
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Total number of participants Popula
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weight loss).Comparison one: contro
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month) (outcome five). For the 8-12
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study also provided data on head ci
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found no reduction in risk of a pos
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espiratory tract infection RR 1.07
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Affiliation/so urce of funds Univer
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Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM) T
Page 563 and 564:
Overall quality assessment (Positiv
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professional support to be effectiv
Page 567 and 568:
EXTERNAL VALIDITY Generalisabil ity
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people together was specific to bre
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References Abdulwadud Omar, A., & S
Page 573 and 574:
Gatti, L. 2008, "Maternal perceptio
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Poole, J. A., Barriga, K., Leung, D
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Monitoring Breastfeeding in Austral
Page 579 and 580:
Labiner-Wolfe, Judith, Sara B. Fein
Page 581 and 582:
Issues in selecting a growth refere
Page 583 and 584:
that breastfeeding, with exclusive
Page 585 and 586:
they noted that “during the first
Page 587 and 588:
lower percentiles (0.4 and 2 percen
Page 589 and 590:
Breastfeeding is an integral part o
Page 591 and 592:
Royal Australian College of General
Page 593 and 594:
feeding, the AAP firmly adheres to
Page 595 and 596:
If an infant is not breastfed, or i
Page 597 and 598:
Interventions to Promote Breastfeed
Page 599 and 600:
ethnicity or maternal age cannot be
Page 601 and 602:
three months, interventions involvi
Page 603 and 604:
Data Collection and Analysis: We us
Page 605 and 606:
Major Reviews of Infant Feeding 200
Page 607 and 608:
Proportion of adult smokers who hav
Page 609 and 610:
figures indicate that we have littl
Page 611 and 612:
Funding has also been allocated to
Page 613 and 614:
National Longitudinal Survey of Chi
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608
Page 617 and 618:
infectious diseases. There is a lar
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In Queensland, according to the 200
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eastfeeding at 6 months were among
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gestational age or who have experie
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Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedi
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620
Page 629 and 630:
622
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deficiency has also been associated
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PAHO Guiding Principles for Complem
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Breastfeeding Rates in Australia A
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Population/ study information A tot
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Population/ study information The s
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Type of study Breastfee ding defini
Page 643 and 644:
References Abou-Dakn, M., A. Richar
Page 645 and 646:
Barclay, A. R., R. K. Russell, et a
Page 647 and 648:
Clark, P. M. (1998). "Programming o
Page 649 and 650:
Eglash, A. (2005). "ABM Protocol #8
Page 651 and 652:
Griffiths, D. M. (2004). "Do tongue
Page 653 and 654:
Howard, C. R., N. Lanphear, et al.
Page 655 and 656:
Labiner-Wolfe, J., S. B. Fein, et a
Page 657 and 658:
National Institute of Clinical Stud
Page 659 and 660:
Rasmussen, K. and C. Kjolhede (2004
Page 661 and 662:
Stettler, N. (2007). "Nature and st
Page 663 and 664:
Whitaker-Worth, D. L., V. Carlone,
Page 665 and 666:
INDEX A Abscess ...................
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Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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