Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

Effect on risk
Factor analysis suggested that
Potential Determinant
factors (Maternal Confidence, Paternal
Support, Maternal Health, Mother-in-
Law Disapproval,
and Infant Birth weight) accounted for
56.7% of the variance while Potential
Indicator factors
(Baby Behaviour, Solid Foods, and
Formula) accounted for 70.4% of the
variance.
Maternal Confidence, attitudes and
knowledge about breastfeeding was a
distinguishing factor between IMS
mothers and non-IMS mothers. IMS
mothers were less informed about
breastfeeding, had more of a problem
with privacy while feeding, made their
decision to breastfeed later in their
pregnancy, intended not
to breastfeed as long, believed
breastfeeding not
to be better than other types of infant
feeding, and were less confident
during pregnancy about breastfeeding
their infant. Overall variance for these
factors was 21.4%
Perceived insufficient
milk supply may reflect a lack of
breastfeeding
confidence building from midwives.
Infant’s behaviour
caused some mothers to doubt their
ability to produce sufficient milk, in
particular frequent crying and/or
feeding.
The unsuccessful breastfeeders
(completely stopped breastfeeding
before 14 weeks) all carried out at least
one practice, during the first six weeks,
known to
be potentially detrimental to milk
production including
restricting the duration and/or frequency
of breastfeeds, use of nipple shields and
introduction of water, formula or
dummies.
There is a complex and synergistic
relationship between socio-cultural
influences,
studies documented poor infant
weight gain
Two human studies with small
sample sizes found that milk volume
of smokers was significantly less
than
non-smokers;
Vio et al. 1991 (n=20)
Non-smokers 961 g/day, Smokers
693 g/day, (p < 0.0001_
Hopkinson et al. 1992 (n=41)
Non-smokers expressed 639 ± 344
ml/day, smokers 358 ± 292 ( p =
0.02)
Hypothesized that nicotine in
cigarettes lower prolactin levels
which may lead to a decrease in milk
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