Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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- sedating psychotherapeutic drugs, anti-epileptic drugs and opioids and their combinations may cause side effects such as drowsiness and respiratory depression and are better avoided if a safer alternative is available - radioactive iodine-131 is better avoided given that safer alternatives are available - a mother can resume breastfeeding about two months after receiving this substance; - excessive use of topical iodine or iodophors (e.g., povidone-iodine), especially on open wounds or mucous membranes, can result in thyroid suppression or electrolyte abnormalities in the breastfed infant and should be avoided; - cytotoxic chemotherapy requires that a mother stops breastfeeding during therapy. Maternal conditions during which breastfeeding can still continue, although health problems may be of concern Breast abscess: breastfeeding should continue on the unaffected breast; feeding from the affected breast can resume once treatment has started. Hepatitis B: infants should be given hepatitis B vaccine, within the first 48 hours or as soon as possible thereafter. Hepatitis C. Mastitis: if breastfeeding is very painful, milk must be removed by expression to prevent progression of the condition. Tuberculosis: mother and baby should be managed according to national tuberculosis guidelines. Substance use: maternal use of nicotine, alcohol, ecstasy, amphetamines, cocaine and related stimulants has been demonstrated to have harmful effects on breastfed babies; alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines and cannabis can cause sedation in both the mother and the baby. Mothers should be encouraged not to use these substances, and given opportunities and support to abstain. ABM Protocol #23. Breastfeeding Contraindications (Philipp 2010) Breastfeeding is contraindicated in the following situations: Mothers with HIV 295
Mothers currently using illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin) unless specifically approved by the infant’s healthcare provider on a case-by-case basis Mothers taking certain medications. Most prescribed and over-the-counter drugs are safe <strong>for</strong> the breastfeeding infant. Some medications may make it necessary to interrupt breastfeeding, such as radioactive isotopes, antimetabolites, cancer chemotherapy, some psychotropic medications, and a small number of other medications. 296
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Infant Feeding Guidelines for Healt
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One of the responses of the Austral
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Goat’s milk .....................
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period of this review will generall
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Infant formula - Preparation, use a
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Protein levels of infant formula. F
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a. Will the use of a heavier refere
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Time to first feed and breastfeedin
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controlled for in multivariate logi
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the baby, or for suturing the mothe
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Impact of delivery method on breast
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Studies used to make evidence state
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For those who were fully breastfeed
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Effect on risk 0.56-0.88) Assisted
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significant Breastfeeding initiatio
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Results Adj OR never breastfed Assi
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Birth weight and breastfeeding If t
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3500-3999 vs 3000-3499 1.00 (95% CI
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Population/study information Perth,
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Any breastfeeding duration No adjOR
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cohort study reported no associatio
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Results [8] Intro of formula at 4 w
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Clinical 1 1 1 importance Clinical
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6. If mother-baby separation is una
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Studies reviewed to make evidence s
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Reference Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy
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Effect on risk There was no associa
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infant Clinical 1 1 1 4 importance
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Reference Qiu et al Asia Pac J Clin
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Social support (other than fathers)
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pregnancy interventions on breastfe
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Reference Scott JA, Landers MCG, Hu
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weeks, 3 months & 6 months postpart
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Quality P O P Results Breastfeeding
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analysis analysis Effect on risk No
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Location (rural vs urban) and breas
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Effect on risk New Territories not
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Socioeconomic status Sufficient evi
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Quality P P O P Results Adj OR any
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Whether the mechanism for this asso
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obesity and infant feeding intentio
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Parity and Breastfeeding Parity has
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Quality P P P P Results No signific
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discharge. Quality P P P P Results
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Effect on risk There was not associ
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Effect on risk No effect of parity
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For Australian mothers 5 studies fo
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25-29 1.710 (1.085, 2.698) ≤24 1.
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30-34: 0.87 (95%CI 0.64-1.18) Adjus
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Clinical 1 2 1 relevance Generalisa
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Reference Binns CW, Gilchrist D, Gr
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Population/study information Infant
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Intervention/ comparator 40 years v
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Maternal education and breastfeedin
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Effect on risk Mothers who complete
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significant independent association
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Demand feeding, Rooming in and brea
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Effect on risk There was no signifi
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1991. Quality P P P P Results No sp
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Cultural differences on Exercise an
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During pregnancy, women should avoi
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findings of this study support the
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N 14 countries 3032 17 359 singleto
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8. Encourage breastfeeding on deman
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Breastfeeding and SIDS BREASTFEEDIN
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descriptive) RESULTS Outcome EXTERN
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Additional Notes 1. Clinical Eviden
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Use of Pacifiers for the Prevention
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American Academy of Pediatrics Poli
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Parslow et al. 2004). In addition,
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N Population/study information 570
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Both the Baby Friendly Hospital Ini
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lanolin, aerosol spray, ointment, f
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Incidence of nipple pain/trauma No
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Effect on risk Sore nipples, althou
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Systemic antibiotics are recommende
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Results Routine Care Versus Heat Ve
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anticipatory guidance with regard t
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In a cohort of 280 mother-infant pa
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months in 1987-9. Completed two wri
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Population/study information Sample
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Nipple Shield Use Search results Th
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Other Nipple Problems Eczema and De
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Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the Nippl
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Table. Management of breastmilk ins
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Effect on risk Factor analysis sugg
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Definition of breastfeeding Interve
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Reference Hurley et al. 2008 Gatti
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y test-weighing) Clinical 1 1 1 imp
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Engorgement of the Breast Search re
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more frequently prior to the recurr
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Reference Mangesi & Dowswell 2010 C
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Inflammatory conditions of the brea
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Three studies reported on the occur
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In the management of mastitis, the
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Quality 0 0 P Results The cumulativ
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was an intention to breastfeed. Par
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Level of evidence I (a) I (aetiolog
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Further adequately powered research
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Applicability Satisfactory Results
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Reference Kvist et al. 2007 Kvist e
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egarding aspiration technique Effec
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Many epidemiological studies have d
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normal functioning (Horowitz and Go
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• Ask mothers if they are losing
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the first 3 months postpartum, with
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Effect on risk This variability is
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In a US study of 802 women they fou
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Studies used to determine the risk
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A predictive relationship was consi
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The effect size of social support i
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weeks of delivery Four validated se
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growth faltering N > 22,000 929 chi
Page 251 and 252: Breast Refusal Search results The i
Page 253 and 254: Prevalence Rates of Excessive Cryin
Page 255 and 256: Regurgitation, gastroesophageal ref
Page 257 and 258: (Dwyer and Ponsonby 2009). Medicati
Page 259 and 260: ultrasonically. Real time ultrasoni
Page 261 and 262: Reference Heine et al. (2006) Cheri
Page 263 and 264: There was no significant associatio
Page 265 and 266: positioning strategies. The treatme
Page 267 and 268: Reference van Wijk et al. (2007) Co
Page 269 and 270: Generalisability Y Y- Italy Y Appli
Page 271 and 272: myenteric plexus Quality P P N Resu
Page 273 and 274: comparator N Population/study infor
Page 275 and 276: Effect on risk There were fewer adv
Page 277 and 278: Component Rating Notes Evidence Bas
Page 279 and 280: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 281 and 282: and/or difficulty of the baby latch
Page 283 and 284: Reference Dollberg et al. 2006 Srin
Page 285 and 286: Effect on risk Frenotomy alleviates
Page 287 and 288: Studies used to make the statement
Page 289 and 290: Notes on postpartum weight loss Ip
Page 291 and 292: Main results: Twelve studies met th
Page 293 and 294: Storage of Expressed Breastmilk Wha
Page 295 and 296: 4. Storage of Expressed Breastmilk
Page 297 and 298: Expression and Breastfeeding durati
Page 299 and 300: duration) Clinical 1 1 1 importance
Page 301: VI Breastfeeding in specific situat
Page 305 and 306: Summary of the evidence The effect
Page 307 and 308: showing a negative association with
Page 309 and 310: Population/study information breast
Page 311 and 312: Effect on risk response relationshi
Page 313 and 314: pregnancy Quality P P P P Results A
Page 315 and 316: Reference Forster DA, McLachlan HL
Page 317 and 318: who did not stop smoking. duration
Page 319 and 320: -1, 5) Not breastfeeding: 1% (95% C
Page 321 and 322: ≥6 vs non-smoker Adj OR (95%CI) n
Page 323 and 324: Larger hospitals - mothers recruite
Page 325 and 326: The Merck Manual online version als
Page 327 and 328: Sufficient evidence was found to ma
Page 329 and 330: Does return to work negatively affe
Page 331 and 332: Returned to work (
Page 333 and 334: N [5] 2079 of 3670 questionnaires r
Page 335 and 336: Reference [1] Forster DA, McLachlan
Page 337 and 338: technical 0.32 (95%CI 0.25-0.42) Se
Page 339 and 340: Reference Scott JA, Aitkin I, Binns
Page 341 and 342: Contraception and Breastfeeding The
Page 343 and 344: Authors’ conclusions: Postpartum
Page 345 and 346: ich countries where there it is aff
Page 347 and 348: eview by (Bulteel and Henderson 200
Page 349 and 350: Galactosaemia in Infants Search res
Page 351 and 352: of birth. Every effort should be ma
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Hepatitis C and HIV co-infected mot
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significantly affect HCV transmissi
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The PKU handbook includes the follo
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Tuberculosis and Breastfeeding Sear
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Syphillis in Breastfeeding Mothers
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paediatricians (Australian College
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the Cochrane Central Register of Co
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Objectives: To determine the effect
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Objectives: In newborn infants with
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information on bottle-feeding and d
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Cow’s Milk Search results The ini
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The SLR by Wijndaele and colleagues
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infants were fed formula for 1 mont
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Quality 0 (No to 6.2 and 7.4 P P 0
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Reference Conn et al. 2009 Couper e
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eastfed Fe intake was inadequate fo
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England. After the birth, a short q
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food weighing (BM: n =21; BCM: n =
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Population/study information Sample
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positive stools upon cow milk feedi
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data were collected from the parent
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Applicability Y- Denmark Y - Vietna
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milk during infancy can result in s
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X Infant feeding and later Outcomes
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Overall quality assessment (Positiv
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finally recruited. Outcome measure
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Intervention Comparator N Populatio
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elevance Generalisability Y N Y App
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Current advice from the Australasia
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elevant food allergens altogether.
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71. However, it should be recognise
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Obesity and infant feeding The dura
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) Around six months c) Around six m
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The Paediatrics & Child Health Divi
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Belarus found that during the perio
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The American Academy of Pediatrics
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efore age 4 months was associated w
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isk of obesity at age 7 yrs. while
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Effect on risk Positive Positive Ne
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Results Any breastfeeding reduced t
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eastfeeding promotion intervention
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Effect on risk Negative Negative Ne
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Additional Notes Horta: Meta-analys
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socioeconomic status strongly influ
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Breastfeeding and Obesity Notes Whi
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Breastfeeding and Bowel Disease: Co
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Notes on Coeliac Disease and IBD -
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This paper is not directly related
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Table 1 Death rates from coronary a
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Figure 1 Hazard ratios for coronary
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These adaptations permanently ‘re
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postnatal growth—programs to avoi
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“Health care professional’ - a
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7.3. No financial or material induc
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Appendix 460
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9 FISH (S1.1) Data was extracted fr
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allergies. Assigned to n-3 egg, no
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Table 13.1 Studies used to make evi
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14 SUGARS (S1.1) SUGARS and DENTAL
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Effect on risk (Increase/None /Prot
Page 479 and 480:
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Clinical importance Clinical releva
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Population/study information [6] Ch
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obesity (P=0.008) and 6.2-fold risk
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quality and were both conducted in
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associated with a decreased risk of
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The systematic review was of very p
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Effect on risk (0.45-76.85). (OR ra
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excluded. from the Denver metropoli
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21 DIETARY PATTERNS (U1.1) What die
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Applicability Excellent Studies con
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or Neutral) plus descriptive) RESUL
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Table 24.2 Summary used to make evi
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Statistical analysis methods Overal
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from 8 - 12 months (outcome three);
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infants with low z-scores provided
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Kajosaari 1983 and Oddy 1999 report
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of upper respiratory infectionRR 0.
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still be managed individually so th
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Length of follow-up Outcome(s) meas
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0.94 (95% CI 0.87 -1.01). Professio
Page 525 and 526:
Conclusion Additional professional
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Outcome(s) measured INTERNAL VALIDI
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Conclusion PIM is one of the most c
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Table 24.3 Summary used to make evi
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BREASTFEEDING AND SUDDEN INFANT DEA
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RESULTS Outcome EXTERNAL VALIDITY G
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ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE AND BREASTFEEDING
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Table 26.1 Summary of studies to ma
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SELENIUM AND BREASTFEEDING OUTCOMES
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Table 26.2 Summary of studies used
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED BR
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Total number of participants Popula
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weight loss).Comparison one: contro
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month) (outcome five). For the 8-12
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study also provided data on head ci
Page 555 and 556:
found no reduction in risk of a pos
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espiratory tract infection RR 1.07
Page 559 and 560:
Affiliation/so urce of funds Univer
Page 561 and 562:
Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM) T
Page 563 and 564:
Overall quality assessment (Positiv
Page 565 and 566:
professional support to be effectiv
Page 567 and 568:
EXTERNAL VALIDITY Generalisabil ity
Page 569 and 570:
people together was specific to bre
Page 571 and 572:
References Abdulwadud Omar, A., & S
Page 573 and 574:
Gatti, L. 2008, "Maternal perceptio
Page 575 and 576:
Poole, J. A., Barriga, K., Leung, D
Page 577 and 578:
Monitoring Breastfeeding in Austral
Page 579 and 580:
Labiner-Wolfe, Judith, Sara B. Fein
Page 581 and 582:
Issues in selecting a growth refere
Page 583 and 584:
that breastfeeding, with exclusive
Page 585 and 586:
they noted that “during the first
Page 587 and 588:
lower percentiles (0.4 and 2 percen
Page 589 and 590:
Breastfeeding is an integral part o
Page 591 and 592:
Royal Australian College of General
Page 593 and 594:
feeding, the AAP firmly adheres to
Page 595 and 596:
If an infant is not breastfed, or i
Page 597 and 598:
Interventions to Promote Breastfeed
Page 599 and 600:
ethnicity or maternal age cannot be
Page 601 and 602:
three months, interventions involvi
Page 603 and 604:
Data Collection and Analysis: We us
Page 605 and 606:
Major Reviews of Infant Feeding 200
Page 607 and 608:
Proportion of adult smokers who hav
Page 609 and 610:
figures indicate that we have littl
Page 611 and 612:
Funding has also been allocated to
Page 613 and 614:
National Longitudinal Survey of Chi
Page 615 and 616:
608
Page 617 and 618:
infectious diseases. There is a lar
Page 619 and 620:
In Queensland, according to the 200
Page 621 and 622:
eastfeeding at 6 months were among
Page 623 and 624:
gestational age or who have experie
Page 625 and 626:
Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedi
Page 627 and 628:
620
Page 629 and 630:
622
Page 631 and 632:
deficiency has also been associated
Page 633 and 634:
PAHO Guiding Principles for Complem
Page 635 and 636:
Breastfeeding Rates in Australia A
Page 637 and 638:
Population/ study information A tot
Page 639 and 640:
Population/ study information The s
Page 641 and 642:
Type of study Breastfee ding defini
Page 643 and 644:
References Abou-Dakn, M., A. Richar
Page 645 and 646:
Barclay, A. R., R. K. Russell, et a
Page 647 and 648:
Clark, P. M. (1998). "Programming o
Page 649 and 650:
Eglash, A. (2005). "ABM Protocol #8
Page 651 and 652:
Griffiths, D. M. (2004). "Do tongue
Page 653 and 654:
Howard, C. R., N. Lanphear, et al.
Page 655 and 656:
Labiner-Wolfe, J., S. B. Fein, et a
Page 657 and 658:
National Institute of Clinical Stud
Page 659 and 660:
Rasmussen, K. and C. Kjolhede (2004
Page 661 and 662:
Stettler, N. (2007). "Nature and st
Page 663 and 664:
Whitaker-Worth, D. L., V. Carlone,
Page 665 and 666:
INDEX A Abscess ...................
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Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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