Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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VIII Complementary foods The appropriate age to introduce solids from all food groups IX care Foods not suitable for infants or that should be used with Nuts UK Food Standards Recommendations: Nuts in infancy are okay but not whole nuts until > 3 years due to the risk of choking 367
Cow’s Milk Search results The initial search of the databases included 370 references on unmodified cow and/or goat milk and infant feeding. Data were extracted from 26 references, and 17 publications were used to form the final body of evidence statements. Sufficient evidence was found to make statements on the proportion of infants fed unmodified cow’s milk before 12 months of age, the potential determinants of the early introduction of unmodified cow’s milk and the effects of feeding cow’s milk to infants less than 12 months of age. Additional evidence was found on the association between cow’s milk intake and occult gastrointestinal blood loss (1 controlled trial, 1 cross sectional study, 1 case-control study) but the evidence was not strong enough to develop a body of evidence statement. THE PROPORTION OF INFANTS FED UNMODIFIED COW’S MILK BEFORE 12 MONTHS OF AGE How many infants are fed unmodified cow’s milk before 12 months of age? Draft Evidence Statement Draft Grade Component Rating Notes Evidence Base Consistency The majority of infants are given cow’s milk before the recommended age of 12 months D Satisfactory 6 studies [3 cohort study, 3 cross sectional study (4P, 20)] Satisfactory All studies observed infant’s being fed cow’s milk before 12 months of age; a cohort study in NZ reported 69% of infants were being given cow’s milk as a beverage before the age of 12 months, in a Perth cohort study 81.8% of infants had consumed cow’s milk as a drink at least once before 12 months and 39.1% of the infants were having cow’s milk daily, a cohort study in Europe found by 12 months 50.7% of infants had received cow’s milk A proportion of infants less than 12 months of age are consuming a significantly high amount of cow’s milk; a Sydney cross sectional study reported 5% of 6-9 month and 13% of 9-12 month-old infants consumed over a litre of cow’s milk a day, another cross-sectional study in Australia found at 9 months cow’s milk was the main drink for 5% of infants, a Perth cohort study found at 40 weeks 6.2% of infants had cow’s milk daily, a cross-sectional study in USA 22% of infants aged 9-11 368
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Infant Feeding Guidelines for Healt
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One of the responses of the Austral
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Goat’s milk .....................
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period of this review will generall
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Infant formula - Preparation, use a
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Protein levels of infant formula. F
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a. Will the use of a heavier refere
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Time to first feed and breastfeedin
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controlled for in multivariate logi
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the baby, or for suturing the mothe
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Impact of delivery method on breast
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Studies used to make evidence state
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For those who were fully breastfeed
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Effect on risk 0.56-0.88) Assisted
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significant Breastfeeding initiatio
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Results Adj OR never breastfed Assi
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Birth weight and breastfeeding If t
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3500-3999 vs 3000-3499 1.00 (95% CI
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Population/study information Perth,
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Any breastfeeding duration No adjOR
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cohort study reported no associatio
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Results [8] Intro of formula at 4 w
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Clinical 1 1 1 importance Clinical
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6. If mother-baby separation is una
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Studies reviewed to make evidence s
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Reference Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy
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Effect on risk There was no associa
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infant Clinical 1 1 1 4 importance
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Reference Qiu et al Asia Pac J Clin
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Social support (other than fathers)
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pregnancy interventions on breastfe
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Reference Scott JA, Landers MCG, Hu
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weeks, 3 months & 6 months postpart
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Quality P O P Results Breastfeeding
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analysis analysis Effect on risk No
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Location (rural vs urban) and breas
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Effect on risk New Territories not
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Socioeconomic status Sufficient evi
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Quality P P O P Results Adj OR any
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Whether the mechanism for this asso
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obesity and infant feeding intentio
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Parity and Breastfeeding Parity has
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Quality P P P P Results No signific
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discharge. Quality P P P P Results
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Effect on risk There was not associ
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Effect on risk No effect of parity
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For Australian mothers 5 studies fo
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25-29 1.710 (1.085, 2.698) ≤24 1.
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30-34: 0.87 (95%CI 0.64-1.18) Adjus
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Clinical 1 2 1 relevance Generalisa
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Reference Binns CW, Gilchrist D, Gr
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Population/study information Infant
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Intervention/ comparator 40 years v
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Maternal education and breastfeedin
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Effect on risk Mothers who complete
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significant independent association
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Demand feeding, Rooming in and brea
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Effect on risk There was no signifi
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1991. Quality P P P P Results No sp
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Cultural differences on Exercise an
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During pregnancy, women should avoi
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findings of this study support the
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N 14 countries 3032 17 359 singleto
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8. Encourage breastfeeding on deman
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Breastfeeding and SIDS BREASTFEEDIN
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descriptive) RESULTS Outcome EXTERN
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Additional Notes 1. Clinical Eviden
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Use of Pacifiers for the Prevention
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American Academy of Pediatrics Poli
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Parslow et al. 2004). In addition,
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N Population/study information 570
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Both the Baby Friendly Hospital Ini
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lanolin, aerosol spray, ointment, f
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Incidence of nipple pain/trauma No
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Effect on risk Sore nipples, althou
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Systemic antibiotics are recommende
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Results Routine Care Versus Heat Ve
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anticipatory guidance with regard t
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In a cohort of 280 mother-infant pa
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months in 1987-9. Completed two wri
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Population/study information Sample
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Nipple Shield Use Search results Th
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Other Nipple Problems Eczema and De
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Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the Nippl
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Table. Management of breastmilk ins
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Effect on risk Factor analysis sugg
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Definition of breastfeeding Interve
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Reference Hurley et al. 2008 Gatti
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y test-weighing) Clinical 1 1 1 imp
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Engorgement of the Breast Search re
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more frequently prior to the recurr
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Reference Mangesi & Dowswell 2010 C
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Inflammatory conditions of the brea
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Three studies reported on the occur
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In the management of mastitis, the
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Quality 0 0 P Results The cumulativ
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was an intention to breastfeed. Par
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Level of evidence I (a) I (aetiolog
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Further adequately powered research
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Applicability Satisfactory Results
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Reference Kvist et al. 2007 Kvist e
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egarding aspiration technique Effec
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Many epidemiological studies have d
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normal functioning (Horowitz and Go
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• Ask mothers if they are losing
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the first 3 months postpartum, with
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Effect on risk This variability is
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In a US study of 802 women they fou
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Studies used to determine the risk
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A predictive relationship was consi
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The effect size of social support i
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weeks of delivery Four validated se
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growth faltering N > 22,000 929 chi
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Breast Refusal Search results The i
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Prevalence Rates of Excessive Cryin
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Regurgitation, gastroesophageal ref
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(Dwyer and Ponsonby 2009). Medicati
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ultrasonically. Real time ultrasoni
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Reference Heine et al. (2006) Cheri
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There was no significant associatio
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positioning strategies. The treatme
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Reference van Wijk et al. (2007) Co
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Generalisability Y Y- Italy Y Appli
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myenteric plexus Quality P P N Resu
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comparator N Population/study infor
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Effect on risk There were fewer adv
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Component Rating Notes Evidence Bas
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and/or difficulty of the baby latch
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Reference Dollberg et al. 2006 Srin
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Effect on risk Frenotomy alleviates
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Studies used to make the statement
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Notes on postpartum weight loss Ip
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Main results: Twelve studies met th
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Storage of Expressed Breastmilk Wha
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4. Storage of Expressed Breastmilk
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Expression and Breastfeeding durati
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duration) Clinical 1 1 1 importance
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VI Breastfeeding in specific situat
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Mothers currently using illicit dru
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Summary of the evidence The effect
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showing a negative association with
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Population/study information breast
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Effect on risk response relationshi
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pregnancy Quality P P P P Results A
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Reference Forster DA, McLachlan HL
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who did not stop smoking. duration
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-1, 5) Not breastfeeding: 1% (95% C
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≥6 vs non-smoker Adj OR (95%CI) n
Page 323 and 324: Larger hospitals - mothers recruite
Page 325 and 326: The Merck Manual online version als
Page 327 and 328: Sufficient evidence was found to ma
Page 329 and 330: Does return to work negatively affe
Page 331 and 332: Returned to work (
Page 333 and 334: N [5] 2079 of 3670 questionnaires r
Page 335 and 336: Reference [1] Forster DA, McLachlan
Page 337 and 338: technical 0.32 (95%CI 0.25-0.42) Se
Page 339 and 340: Reference Scott JA, Aitkin I, Binns
Page 341 and 342: Contraception and Breastfeeding The
Page 343 and 344: Authors’ conclusions: Postpartum
Page 345 and 346: ich countries where there it is aff
Page 347 and 348: eview by (Bulteel and Henderson 200
Page 349 and 350: Galactosaemia in Infants Search res
Page 351 and 352: of birth. Every effort should be ma
Page 353 and 354: Hepatitis C and HIV co-infected mot
Page 355 and 356: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 357 and 358: significantly affect HCV transmissi
Page 359 and 360: The PKU handbook includes the follo
Page 361 and 362: Tuberculosis and Breastfeeding Sear
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Page 365 and 366: paediatricians (Australian College
Page 367 and 368: the Cochrane Central Register of Co
Page 369 and 370: Objectives: To determine the effect
Page 371 and 372: Objectives: In newborn infants with
Page 373: information on bottle-feeding and d
Page 377 and 378: The SLR by Wijndaele and colleagues
Page 379 and 380: infants were fed formula for 1 mont
Page 381 and 382: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 383 and 384: Quality 0 (No to 6.2 and 7.4 P P 0
Page 385 and 386: Reference Conn et al. 2009 Couper e
Page 387 and 388: eastfed Fe intake was inadequate fo
Page 389 and 390: England. After the birth, a short q
Page 391 and 392: food weighing (BM: n =21; BCM: n =
Page 393 and 394: Population/study information Sample
Page 395 and 396: positive stools upon cow milk feedi
Page 397 and 398: data were collected from the parent
Page 399 and 400: Applicability Y- Denmark Y - Vietna
Page 401 and 402: milk during infancy can result in s
Page 403 and 404: X Infant feeding and later Outcomes
Page 405 and 406: Overall quality assessment (Positiv
Page 407 and 408: finally recruited. Outcome measure
Page 409 and 410: Intervention Comparator N Populatio
Page 411 and 412: elevance Generalisability Y N Y App
Page 413 and 414: Current advice from the Australasia
Page 415 and 416: elevant food allergens altogether.
Page 417 and 418: 71. However, it should be recognise
Page 419 and 420: Obesity and infant feeding The dura
Page 421 and 422: ) Around six months c) Around six m
Page 423 and 424: The Paediatrics & Child Health Divi
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Belarus found that during the perio
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The American Academy of Pediatrics
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efore age 4 months was associated w
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isk of obesity at age 7 yrs. while
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Effect on risk Positive Positive Ne
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Results Any breastfeeding reduced t
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eastfeeding promotion intervention
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Effect on risk Negative Negative Ne
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Additional Notes Horta: Meta-analys
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socioeconomic status strongly influ
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Breastfeeding and Obesity Notes Whi
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Breastfeeding and Bowel Disease: Co
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Notes on Coeliac Disease and IBD -
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This paper is not directly related
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Table 1 Death rates from coronary a
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Figure 1 Hazard ratios for coronary
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These adaptations permanently ‘re
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postnatal growth—programs to avoi
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“Health care professional’ - a
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7.3. No financial or material induc
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Appendix 460
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9 FISH (S1.1) Data was extracted fr
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allergies. Assigned to n-3 egg, no
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Table 13.1 Studies used to make evi
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14 SUGARS (S1.1) SUGARS and DENTAL
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Effect on risk (Increase/None /Prot
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Clinical importance Clinical releva
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Population/study information [6] Ch
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obesity (P=0.008) and 6.2-fold risk
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quality and were both conducted in
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associated with a decreased risk of
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The systematic review was of very p
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Effect on risk (0.45-76.85). (OR ra
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excluded. from the Denver metropoli
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21 DIETARY PATTERNS (U1.1) What die
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Applicability Excellent Studies con
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or Neutral) plus descriptive) RESUL
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Table 24.2 Summary used to make evi
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Statistical analysis methods Overal
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from 8 - 12 months (outcome three);
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infants with low z-scores provided
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Kajosaari 1983 and Oddy 1999 report
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of upper respiratory infectionRR 0.
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still be managed individually so th
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Length of follow-up Outcome(s) meas
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0.94 (95% CI 0.87 -1.01). Professio
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Conclusion Additional professional
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Outcome(s) measured INTERNAL VALIDI
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Conclusion PIM is one of the most c
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Table 24.3 Summary used to make evi
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BREASTFEEDING AND SUDDEN INFANT DEA
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RESULTS Outcome EXTERNAL VALIDITY G
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ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE AND BREASTFEEDING
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Table 26.1 Summary of studies to ma
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SELENIUM AND BREASTFEEDING OUTCOMES
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Table 26.2 Summary of studies used
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED BR
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Total number of participants Popula
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weight loss).Comparison one: contro
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month) (outcome five). For the 8-12
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study also provided data on head ci
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found no reduction in risk of a pos
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espiratory tract infection RR 1.07
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Affiliation/so urce of funds Univer
Page 561 and 562:
Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM) T
Page 563 and 564:
Overall quality assessment (Positiv
Page 565 and 566:
professional support to be effectiv
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EXTERNAL VALIDITY Generalisabil ity
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people together was specific to bre
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References Abdulwadud Omar, A., & S
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Gatti, L. 2008, "Maternal perceptio
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Poole, J. A., Barriga, K., Leung, D
Page 577 and 578:
Monitoring Breastfeeding in Austral
Page 579 and 580:
Labiner-Wolfe, Judith, Sara B. Fein
Page 581 and 582:
Issues in selecting a growth refere
Page 583 and 584:
that breastfeeding, with exclusive
Page 585 and 586:
they noted that “during the first
Page 587 and 588:
lower percentiles (0.4 and 2 percen
Page 589 and 590:
Breastfeeding is an integral part o
Page 591 and 592:
Royal Australian College of General
Page 593 and 594:
feeding, the AAP firmly adheres to
Page 595 and 596:
If an infant is not breastfed, or i
Page 597 and 598:
Interventions to Promote Breastfeed
Page 599 and 600:
ethnicity or maternal age cannot be
Page 601 and 602:
three months, interventions involvi
Page 603 and 604:
Data Collection and Analysis: We us
Page 605 and 606:
Major Reviews of Infant Feeding 200
Page 607 and 608:
Proportion of adult smokers who hav
Page 609 and 610:
figures indicate that we have littl
Page 611 and 612:
Funding has also been allocated to
Page 613 and 614:
National Longitudinal Survey of Chi
Page 615 and 616:
608
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infectious diseases. There is a lar
Page 619 and 620:
In Queensland, according to the 200
Page 621 and 622:
eastfeeding at 6 months were among
Page 623 and 624:
gestational age or who have experie
Page 625 and 626:
Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedi
Page 627 and 628:
620
Page 629 and 630:
622
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deficiency has also been associated
Page 633 and 634:
PAHO Guiding Principles for Complem
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Breastfeeding Rates in Australia A
Page 637 and 638:
Population/ study information A tot
Page 639 and 640:
Population/ study information The s
Page 641 and 642:
Type of study Breastfee ding defini
Page 643 and 644:
References Abou-Dakn, M., A. Richar
Page 645 and 646:
Barclay, A. R., R. K. Russell, et a
Page 647 and 648:
Clark, P. M. (1998). "Programming o
Page 649 and 650:
Eglash, A. (2005). "ABM Protocol #8
Page 651 and 652:
Griffiths, D. M. (2004). "Do tongue
Page 653 and 654:
Howard, C. R., N. Lanphear, et al.
Page 655 and 656:
Labiner-Wolfe, J., S. B. Fein, et a
Page 657 and 658:
National Institute of Clinical Stud
Page 659 and 660:
Rasmussen, K. and C. Kjolhede (2004
Page 661 and 662:
Stettler, N. (2007). "Nature and st
Page 663 and 664:
Whitaker-Worth, D. L., V. Carlone,
Page 665 and 666:
INDEX A Abscess ...................
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Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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