Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

heterogeneity), (P = .04) and
dominated by the larger size of the
Belarussian study. The pooled WMD
was -2.26 (95% CI -16.94- 12.42) g
per month. Akeson 1996a, Heinig
1993, and Kramer 2000a reported on
weight gain from 8-12 months
(outcome three); the WMD was -
1.82 (95% CI -16.72-13.08) g per
month, which excludes a reduced
length gain in the EBF group of 5%
of the mean and 10% of the SD for
the Belarussian study. For length
gain at three to eight months
(outcome four), the studies again
show significant (P < .01)
heterogeneity. Kramer 2000a found a
slightly but significantly lower
length gain in the EBF
group at four to eight months
(difference -1.1 (95% CI -1.7- - 0.5)
mm per month), whereas the pooled
analysis yielded a WMD of - 0.4
(95% CI -0.7 - 0.0) mm per month;
the lower confidence limit is
statistically compatible with a
reduced length gain of less than 4%
of the mean and 10% of the SD for
the Belarussian study. Heinig 1993
and Kramer 2000a also reported on
length gain at 6-9 months (WMD -
0.4 (95% CI -1.0 - 0.1) mm per
children on whom the US NCHS growth
curves were based. Exclusive
breastfeeding reduced HIV transmission
compared with partial was reported in 1
study and a further study showed that
HIV-free survival did not differ in infants
who were HIV-negative at 4 months and
were abruptly weaned or continued to be
breastfed. Authors created a cohort model
of child mortality and stunting by
modelling the survival and linear growth
status of the annual birth cohort of
children from birth until 3 years in 36
countries with 90% of the global burden
of stunted children. In children aged 6-23
months the baseline breastfeeding
category is breastfed (RR 1.0) vs. non
breastfed (RR 2.3). Using this model,
authors reported that mortality risk ratio
for exclusive breastfeeding (age