Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

-0.49 to +0.41 episodes).Duncan 1993
and Kramer2000a both found a slightly
elevated risk for one or more episodes
of otitis media pooled RR 1.28 (95% CI
1.04 -1.57) (outcome56), but Duncan
1993 found a nonsignificant reduction
in risk for frequent otitis media RR 0.81
(95% CI 0.43-1.52) (outcome57).
EXTERNAL
VALIDITY
Generalisability y y - for the results of the studies
conducted in developed countries
Applicability y y y
Comments The unclear randomization and
allocation concealment processes in
the study suggest selection bias was
possible. Furthermore the use of a
telephone interview further suggests
recall/reporting bias
Definitions of exclusive breastfeeding
varied across studies
Conclusion
There remains considerable
uncertainty about the effect of brief
exposure to water, breast-milk
substitutes, or other liquids on the
success and duration of breastfeeding
Infants who are exclusively breastfed
for 6 mo experience less morbidity from
gastrointestinal infection than those who
are mixed breastfed as of 3 or 4 mo, and
no deficits have been demonstrated in
growth among infants from either
developing or developed countries who
are exclusively breastfed for 6 mo or
longer. Moreover, the mothers of such
infants have more prolonged lactational
amenorrhea. Although infants should
n
In the cohort model of child mortality
and stunting, the protective effect of
breastfeeding is assumed to cease when
the child reaches 2. Although authors
have considered a number of
breastfeeding interventions and reviews,
details of these interventions and
reviews are not provided.
Proven nutrition-related interventions
offer many possibilities for the
reduction of the related burden of
disease in both the short and the long
term. The evidence for benefit from
nutrition interventions is convincing.
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