Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

Reference Conn et al. 2009 Couper et al. 1999 Esfarjani et al. 2001 Fernandes et al. 2008
Type of study Cross-sectional Cohort case-control cross-sectional
Level of evidence IV (aetiology) II (aetiology) III-3 (aetiology) IV (aetiology)
Definition of
breastfeeding
poorly defined poorly defined
Intervention/
comparator
Food and nutrient intakes of 9-
month-old infants
Introduction of cow’s milk
and the development of early
islet antibodies in early life
Never fresh cow’s milk in
first 2 years of life vs. fed
cow’s milk at 1-3 months
vs. fed cow’s milk > 3
months.
Development of IDDM
breastfed (plus
complementary food, with
the exception of cow’s
milk) vs. fed whole cow’s
milk (plus complementary
food) on occult fecal
blood loss
N 341 parent-infant dyads. (557
parents approached, 507
completed survey 166 were
excluded due to over/under
reporting)
Population/study
information
Parents were part of a
longitudinal study of child
growth and development.
Parents of infants were
randomly recruited from an
antenatal clinic at a public
hospital and three privately
practising obstetricians in
Adelaide in 1998–2000.
317 children 104 children 98 infants
317 newborns with a family
relative with type one
diabetes from 268 families
were recruited during
pregnancy and followed
prospectively from birth for a
median of 29 months (4-73)
in Victoria and South
Australia.
Sample comprised of 52
IDDM patients and
52 matched controls.
subjects were selected
from different hospitals in
Tehran, Iran aged between
1.5-14 years.
Mothers completed a
Infants in sample were
recruited from a Pediatric
Public Health Primary
Care Unit in Brazil.
Infants were 9-12 months
of age.
Gathered diet history from
parents.
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