Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

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were found that used a variety of controls—some control for depression, while others do not. None of the studies sufficiently controlled for level of depression. Few studies report infant behavioral outcomes. 225
Studies used to make evidence statement for the prevalence of postnatal depression Reference Gavin & Gaynes (2005) (Jones, Scott et al. 2010) O’Hara & Swain (1996) Type of study SLR Cohort study Meta-analysis Level of evidence I (aetiology) II (aetiology) I (aetiology) Definition of breastfeeding Not defined Not defined Not defined Intervention/ comparator Prevalence of postnatal depression N Sample sizes of studies ranged from 54 - 4,964 Population/study information Searched databases for articles published in English between 1980- 2004. Review included cross sectional studies, cohort studies and case-control from developed countries that assessed women for depression during pregnancy or the first year postpartum with a structured clinical interview. 846 articles originally identified. 109 articles were reviewed, 28 met the inclusion criteria Maternal postnatal depression (EPDS score ≥ 13) and later child growth faltering or overweight 929 children. 1678 were originally recruited. Follow up at 6 months was 95% (n= 879) Women and their children participating in a European multicenter RCT were included at a median age of 14 days. Participants in the European multicenter RCT were recruited at 11 study sites in five countries (Belgium; Germany; Italy; Poland; Spain). At visits 2, 3 and 6 months after delivery, the mothers were asked to complete the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) EPDS scores of 13 and above at any time were defined as maternal depression. Prevalence of postnatal depression 12,810 (from 59 studies) Searched for studies that examined the relationship between postpartum depression and a possible risk factor. Investigations were included if they met the following criteria: (a) reported statistical relationship between variable of interest and postpartum depression (b) variable of interest assessed during either pregnancy or delivery; (c) subjects recruited through random or quasirandom sampling techniques; (d) depression assessed after at least two weeks postpartum (e) postpartum depression assessed using a validated or standardized measure. 226
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Infant Feeding Guidelines for Healt
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One of the responses of the Austral
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Goat’s milk .....................
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period of this review will generall
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Infant formula - Preparation, use a
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Protein levels of infant formula. F
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a. Will the use of a heavier refere
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Time to first feed and breastfeedin
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controlled for in multivariate logi
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the baby, or for suturing the mothe
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Impact of delivery method on breast
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Studies used to make evidence state
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For those who were fully breastfeed
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Effect on risk 0.56-0.88) Assisted
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significant Breastfeeding initiatio
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Results Adj OR never breastfed Assi
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Birth weight and breastfeeding If t
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3500-3999 vs 3000-3499 1.00 (95% CI
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Population/study information Perth,
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Any breastfeeding duration No adjOR
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cohort study reported no associatio
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Results [8] Intro of formula at 4 w
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Clinical 1 1 1 importance Clinical
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6. If mother-baby separation is una
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Studies reviewed to make evidence s
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Reference Scott JA, Binns CW, Oddy
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Effect on risk There was no associa
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infant Clinical 1 1 1 4 importance
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Reference Qiu et al Asia Pac J Clin
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Social support (other than fathers)
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pregnancy interventions on breastfe
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Reference Scott JA, Landers MCG, Hu
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weeks, 3 months & 6 months postpart
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Quality P O P Results Breastfeeding
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analysis analysis Effect on risk No
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Location (rural vs urban) and breas
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Effect on risk New Territories not
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Socioeconomic status Sufficient evi
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Quality P P O P Results Adj OR any
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Whether the mechanism for this asso
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obesity and infant feeding intentio
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Parity and Breastfeeding Parity has
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Quality P P P P Results No signific
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discharge. Quality P P P P Results
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Effect on risk There was not associ
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Effect on risk No effect of parity
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For Australian mothers 5 studies fo
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25-29 1.710 (1.085, 2.698) ≤24 1.
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30-34: 0.87 (95%CI 0.64-1.18) Adjus
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Clinical 1 2 1 relevance Generalisa
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Reference Binns CW, Gilchrist D, Gr
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Population/study information Infant
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Intervention/ comparator 40 years v
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Maternal education and breastfeedin
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Effect on risk Mothers who complete
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significant independent association
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Demand feeding, Rooming in and brea
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Effect on risk There was no signifi
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1991. Quality P P P P Results No sp
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Cultural differences on Exercise an
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During pregnancy, women should avoi
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findings of this study support the
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N 14 countries 3032 17 359 singleto
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8. Encourage breastfeeding on deman
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Breastfeeding and SIDS BREASTFEEDIN
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descriptive) RESULTS Outcome EXTERN
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Additional Notes 1. Clinical Eviden
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Use of Pacifiers for the Prevention
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American Academy of Pediatrics Poli
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Parslow et al. 2004). In addition,
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N Population/study information 570
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Both the Baby Friendly Hospital Ini
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lanolin, aerosol spray, ointment, f
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Incidence of nipple pain/trauma No
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Effect on risk Sore nipples, althou
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Systemic antibiotics are recommende
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Results Routine Care Versus Heat Ve
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anticipatory guidance with regard t
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In a cohort of 280 mother-infant pa
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months in 1987-9. Completed two wri
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Population/study information Sample
Page 181 and 182: Nipple Shield Use Search results Th
Page 183 and 184: Other Nipple Problems Eczema and De
Page 185 and 186: Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the Nippl
Page 187 and 188: Table. Management of breastmilk ins
Page 189 and 190: Effect on risk Factor analysis sugg
Page 191 and 192: Definition of breastfeeding Interve
Page 193 and 194: Reference Hurley et al. 2008 Gatti
Page 195 and 196: y test-weighing) Clinical 1 1 1 imp
Page 197 and 198: Engorgement of the Breast Search re
Page 199 and 200: more frequently prior to the recurr
Page 201 and 202: Studies used to make evidence state
Page 203 and 204: Reference Mangesi & Dowswell 2010 C
Page 205 and 206: Inflammatory conditions of the brea
Page 207 and 208: Three studies reported on the occur
Page 209 and 210: In the management of mastitis, the
Page 211 and 212: Quality 0 0 P Results The cumulativ
Page 213 and 214: was an intention to breastfeed. Par
Page 215 and 216: Level of evidence I (a) I (aetiolog
Page 217 and 218: Further adequately powered research
Page 219 and 220: Applicability Satisfactory Results
Page 223 and 224: Reference Kvist et al. 2007 Kvist e
Page 225 and 226: egarding aspiration technique Effec
Page 227 and 228: Many epidemiological studies have d
Page 229 and 230: normal functioning (Horowitz and Go
Page 231: • Ask mothers if they are losing
Page 235 and 236: the first 3 months postpartum, with
Page 237 and 238: Effect on risk This variability is
Page 239 and 240: In a US study of 802 women they fou
Page 241 and 242: Studies used to determine the risk
Page 243 and 244: A predictive relationship was consi
Page 245 and 246: The effect size of social support i
Page 247 and 248: weeks of delivery Four validated se
Page 249 and 250: growth faltering N > 22,000 929 chi
Page 251 and 252: Breast Refusal Search results The i
Page 253 and 254: Prevalence Rates of Excessive Cryin
Page 255 and 256: Regurgitation, gastroesophageal ref
Page 257 and 258: (Dwyer and Ponsonby 2009). Medicati
Page 259 and 260: ultrasonically. Real time ultrasoni
Page 261 and 262: Reference Heine et al. (2006) Cheri
Page 263 and 264: There was no significant associatio
Page 265 and 266: positioning strategies. The treatme
Page 267 and 268: Reference van Wijk et al. (2007) Co
Page 269 and 270: Generalisability Y Y- Italy Y Appli
Page 271 and 272: myenteric plexus Quality P P N Resu
Page 273 and 274: comparator N Population/study infor
Page 275 and 276: Effect on risk There were fewer adv
Page 277 and 278: Component Rating Notes Evidence Bas
Page 281 and 282: and/or difficulty of the baby latch
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Reference Dollberg et al. 2006 Srin
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Effect on risk Frenotomy alleviates
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Studies used to make the statement
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Notes on postpartum weight loss Ip
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Main results: Twelve studies met th
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Storage of Expressed Breastmilk Wha
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4. Storage of Expressed Breastmilk
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Expression and Breastfeeding durati
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duration) Clinical 1 1 1 importance
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VI Breastfeeding in specific situat
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Mothers currently using illicit dru
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Summary of the evidence The effect
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showing a negative association with
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Population/study information breast
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Effect on risk response relationshi
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pregnancy Quality P P P P Results A
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Reference Forster DA, McLachlan HL
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who did not stop smoking. duration
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-1, 5) Not breastfeeding: 1% (95% C
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≥6 vs non-smoker Adj OR (95%CI) n
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Larger hospitals - mothers recruite
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The Merck Manual online version als
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Sufficient evidence was found to ma
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Does return to work negatively affe
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Returned to work (
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N [5] 2079 of 3670 questionnaires r
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Reference [1] Forster DA, McLachlan
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technical 0.32 (95%CI 0.25-0.42) Se
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Reference Scott JA, Aitkin I, Binns
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Contraception and Breastfeeding The
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Authors’ conclusions: Postpartum
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ich countries where there it is aff
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eview by (Bulteel and Henderson 200
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Galactosaemia in Infants Search res
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of birth. Every effort should be ma
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Hepatitis C and HIV co-infected mot
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significantly affect HCV transmissi
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The PKU handbook includes the follo
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Tuberculosis and Breastfeeding Sear
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Syphillis in Breastfeeding Mothers
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paediatricians (Australian College
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the Cochrane Central Register of Co
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Objectives: To determine the effect
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Objectives: In newborn infants with
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information on bottle-feeding and d
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Cow’s Milk Search results The ini
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The SLR by Wijndaele and colleagues
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infants were fed formula for 1 mont
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Quality 0 (No to 6.2 and 7.4 P P 0
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Reference Conn et al. 2009 Couper e
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eastfed Fe intake was inadequate fo
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England. After the birth, a short q
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food weighing (BM: n =21; BCM: n =
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Population/study information Sample
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positive stools upon cow milk feedi
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data were collected from the parent
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Applicability Y- Denmark Y - Vietna
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milk during infancy can result in s
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X Infant feeding and later Outcomes
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Overall quality assessment (Positiv
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finally recruited. Outcome measure
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Intervention Comparator N Populatio
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elevance Generalisability Y N Y App
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Current advice from the Australasia
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elevant food allergens altogether.
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71. However, it should be recognise
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Obesity and infant feeding The dura
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) Around six months c) Around six m
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The Paediatrics & Child Health Divi
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Belarus found that during the perio
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The American Academy of Pediatrics
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efore age 4 months was associated w
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isk of obesity at age 7 yrs. while
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Effect on risk Positive Positive Ne
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Results Any breastfeeding reduced t
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eastfeeding promotion intervention
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Effect on risk Negative Negative Ne
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Additional Notes Horta: Meta-analys
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socioeconomic status strongly influ
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Breastfeeding and Obesity Notes Whi
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Breastfeeding and Bowel Disease: Co
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Notes on Coeliac Disease and IBD -
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This paper is not directly related
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Table 1 Death rates from coronary a
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Figure 1 Hazard ratios for coronary
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These adaptations permanently ‘re
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postnatal growth—programs to avoi
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“Health care professional’ - a
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7.3. No financial or material induc
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Appendix 460
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9 FISH (S1.1) Data was extracted fr
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allergies. Assigned to n-3 egg, no
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Table 13.1 Studies used to make evi
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14 SUGARS (S1.1) SUGARS and DENTAL
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Effect on risk (Increase/None /Prot
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Clinical importance Clinical releva
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Population/study information [6] Ch
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obesity (P=0.008) and 6.2-fold risk
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quality and were both conducted in
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associated with a decreased risk of
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The systematic review was of very p
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Effect on risk (0.45-76.85). (OR ra
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excluded. from the Denver metropoli
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21 DIETARY PATTERNS (U1.1) What die
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Applicability Excellent Studies con
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or Neutral) plus descriptive) RESUL
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Table 24.2 Summary used to make evi
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Statistical analysis methods Overal
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from 8 - 12 months (outcome three);
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infants with low z-scores provided
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Kajosaari 1983 and Oddy 1999 report
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of upper respiratory infectionRR 0.
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still be managed individually so th
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Length of follow-up Outcome(s) meas
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0.94 (95% CI 0.87 -1.01). Professio
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Conclusion Additional professional
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Outcome(s) measured INTERNAL VALIDI
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Conclusion PIM is one of the most c
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Table 24.3 Summary used to make evi
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BREASTFEEDING AND SUDDEN INFANT DEA
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RESULTS Outcome EXTERNAL VALIDITY G
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ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE AND BREASTFEEDING
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Table 26.1 Summary of studies to ma
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SELENIUM AND BREASTFEEDING OUTCOMES
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Table 26.2 Summary of studies used
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED BR
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Total number of participants Popula
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weight loss).Comparison one: contro
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month) (outcome five). For the 8-12
Page 553 and 554:
study also provided data on head ci
Page 555 and 556:
found no reduction in risk of a pos
Page 557 and 558:
espiratory tract infection RR 1.07
Page 559 and 560:
Affiliation/so urce of funds Univer
Page 561 and 562:
Perceived Insufficient Milk (PIM) T
Page 563 and 564:
Overall quality assessment (Positiv
Page 565 and 566:
professional support to be effectiv
Page 567 and 568:
EXTERNAL VALIDITY Generalisabil ity
Page 569 and 570:
people together was specific to bre
Page 571 and 572:
References Abdulwadud Omar, A., & S
Page 573 and 574:
Gatti, L. 2008, "Maternal perceptio
Page 575 and 576:
Poole, J. A., Barriga, K., Leung, D
Page 577 and 578:
Monitoring Breastfeeding in Austral
Page 579 and 580:
Labiner-Wolfe, Judith, Sara B. Fein
Page 581 and 582:
Issues in selecting a growth refere
Page 583 and 584:
that breastfeeding, with exclusive
Page 585 and 586:
they noted that “during the first
Page 587 and 588:
lower percentiles (0.4 and 2 percen
Page 589 and 590:
Breastfeeding is an integral part o
Page 591 and 592:
Royal Australian College of General
Page 593 and 594:
feeding, the AAP firmly adheres to
Page 595 and 596:
If an infant is not breastfed, or i
Page 597 and 598:
Interventions to Promote Breastfeed
Page 599 and 600:
ethnicity or maternal age cannot be
Page 601 and 602:
three months, interventions involvi
Page 603 and 604:
Data Collection and Analysis: We us
Page 605 and 606:
Major Reviews of Infant Feeding 200
Page 607 and 608:
Proportion of adult smokers who hav
Page 609 and 610:
figures indicate that we have littl
Page 611 and 612:
Funding has also been allocated to
Page 613 and 614:
National Longitudinal Survey of Chi
Page 615 and 616:
608
Page 617 and 618:
infectious diseases. There is a lar
Page 619 and 620:
In Queensland, according to the 200
Page 621 and 622:
eastfeeding at 6 months were among
Page 623 and 624:
gestational age or who have experie
Page 625 and 626:
Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedi
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620
Page 629 and 630:
622
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deficiency has also been associated
Page 633 and 634:
PAHO Guiding Principles for Complem
Page 635 and 636:
Breastfeeding Rates in Australia A
Page 637 and 638:
Population/ study information A tot
Page 639 and 640:
Population/ study information The s
Page 641 and 642:
Type of study Breastfee ding defini
Page 643 and 644:
References Abou-Dakn, M., A. Richar
Page 645 and 646:
Barclay, A. R., R. K. Russell, et a
Page 647 and 648:
Clark, P. M. (1998). "Programming o
Page 649 and 650:
Eglash, A. (2005). "ABM Protocol #8
Page 651 and 652:
Griffiths, D. M. (2004). "Do tongue
Page 653 and 654:
Howard, C. R., N. Lanphear, et al.
Page 655 and 656:
Labiner-Wolfe, J., S. B. Fein, et a
Page 657 and 658:
National Institute of Clinical Stud
Page 659 and 660:
Rasmussen, K. and C. Kjolhede (2004
Page 661 and 662:
Stettler, N. (2007). "Nature and st
Page 663 and 664:
Whitaker-Worth, D. L., V. Carlone,
Page 665 and 666:
INDEX A Abscess ...................
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