Literature review for - Flourish Paediatrics

months in 1987-9.
Completed two written questions;
first after entry to trial, second at 6
weeks
test’ on each subject
Quality 0 (No to 3 & 7) 0 (No to 2.3, 5.3) 0
Results
Sustained improvement in nipple
anatomy was more common in the
untreated groups but the differences
were not significant.
% difference in sustained
improvement in nipple anatomy:
shells v no shells
-8% (-28, 11)
exercises v no exercises
-4% (-24, 16)
9.8% (8.8, 10.9) of women were found
to have at least one inverted or nonprotractile
nipple.
Increasing gestation decreased
prevalence of poor nipple anatomy.
OR decreases by
3% for each increasing week of
gestation. OR 0.969 (0.955-0.983).
Effect on risk
17/128 women (13%) approached to
join the trial decided before delivery
that they would bottle feed because
they had inverted or non-protractile
nipples.
Breast shells and Hoffman’s
exercises do not significantly
improve nipple anatomy.
Increasing parity did not reduce
prevalence of poor nipple anatomy.
para vs nulliparous women. OR 0.483
(0.366,0.638).
Increasing maternal age decreased
prevalence of poor nipple anatomy.
OR decreases by 6% for each
increasing year. OR 0.943
(0.921,0.967)
N/A
period (usually in the first 48 h) in the
maternity ward.
Mothers who were discharged home
early were interviewed
at home. Telephone interviews were
conducted
when the infants were 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and
12 mo of age.
27 (8%) women had inverted nipples.
Inverted nipples were associated with a
shorter duration of breastfeeding (study
did not clarify length of breastfeeding)
Multivariate RR 2.02 (1.26, 3.23)
Inverted nipples were associated with
shorter duration of breastfeeding
170