Hurston, Zora N. ''Their Eyes were watching God''-Fr-En-Sp

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tr. de Fr. Brosky Zora N. Hurston’s Their eyes were tr. de Andrés Ibañez notas 18 CHAPTER 18 CAPÍTULO 18 Chapter 18 Depuis que Ptit-Four et janie s’étaient Since Tea Cake and Janie had encopinés avec les ouvriers bahamiens des friended with the Bahaman workers Everglades (les « Scies »), ceux-ci s’étaient 5 in the ’Glades, they, the “Saws,” had graduellement mêlés à la bande américaine. been gradually drawn into the Ils cessèrent d’organiser des bals en American crowd. They quit hiding cachette lorsqu’ils s’aperçurent que leurs out to hold their dances when they amis américains ne se moquaient pas d’eux found that their American friends comme ils l’avaient craint. Beaucoup 10 didn’t laugh at them as they feared. d’Américains apprirent à sauter, et à aimer Many of the Americans learned to cela autant que les « Scies ». Ils jump and liked it as much as the commencèrent à organiser des sauteries “Saws.” So they began to hold dances nuit après nuit dans les quartiers, en général night after night in the quarters, derrière la maison de PtitFour. À présent, 15 usually behind Tea Cake’s house. Often Janie et lui restaient si tard aux danses du feu, que souvent Ptit-Four refusait qu’elle l’accompagne aux champs. II tenait à ce qu’elle se repose. « Gagner les terres hautes. Laîche en fleurs. Ouragan arrive. » 35 Tous en parlèrent ce soir-là. Mais personne Everybody was talking about it ne s’inquiétait. La danse du feu con- 40 that night. But nobody was worried. tinua presque jusqu’à l’aube. Le lendemain, The fire dance kept up till nearly d’autres Indiens partirent vers l’est, sans dawn. The next day, more Indians hâte mais d’un pas ferme. Et pourtant, ciel moved east, unhurried but steady. bleu et temps superbe. Des haricots Still a blue sky and fair weather. magnifiques, de bons prix aussi, et donc 45 Beans running fine and prices good, les Indiens se trompaient sans doute, se so the Indians could be, must be, trompaient sûrement. I1 ne peut y avoir wrong. You couldn’t have a d’ouragan alors qu’on gagne des sept et huit hurricane when you’re making seven dollars par jour à cueillir des haricots. and eight dollars a day picking D’ailleurs les Indiens sont des nigauds, 50 beans. Indians are dumb anyhow, Todo el mundo hablaba de aquello por la noche. Pero nadie estaba preocupado. Las danzas del fuego continuaron casi hasta el amanecer. Al día siguiente, más indios se dirigieron al este, sin prisa pero sin detenerse. El cielo seguía azul, [173] el tiempo, bueno. Las judías crecían hermosas y los precios subían, de modo que los indios podían estar, tenían que estar, equivocados. No puede haber un huracán cuando uno está ganando de siete a ocho dólares al día recogiendo judías. Además, los indios eran estúpidos, siempre lo habían sido. Una noche más con Stew Beef creando sutilezas rítmicas con el tambor y figuras vivientes, escultóricas, grotescas, al danzar. Al día siguiente no pasó ningún indio. Era un día ardiente y bochornoso, y Janie dejó el cam- l’ont toujours été. Encore une nuit avec always were. Another night of Stew Viande-à-Ragoût improvisant de [274] Beef making dynamic subtleties dynamiques subtilités sur son tambour et with his drum and living, sculptural, des danses aux grotesques statues vivantes. grotesques in the dance. Next day, Le lendemain, plus d’Indiens. I1 faisait 55 no Indians passed at all. It was hot chaud et lourd ; Janie quitta les champs et and sultry and Janie left the field rentra chez elle. and went home. po y se fue a casa. lisp : cecear sultry 1 (weather) hot, oppressive, bochornoso 2 (persona, voz) passionate, sensual Morning came without 60 motion. The winds, to the tiniest, Le matin arriva, sans le moindre mouvement. Les vents, jusqu’au plus léger des zézayants zéphyrs, avaient quitté la terre. Avant même que le soleil ne donne la lumière, un jour mort rampait de buisson en buisson et observait l’homme. Quelques lapins détalèrent à travers les Some rabbits scurried through the quartiers et filèrent vers l’est. Des quarters going east. Some possums opossums passèrent furtivement et leur slunk by and their route was definite. route était manifeste. Un ou deux à la fois, One or two at a time, then more. By puis plus. Une procession ininterrompue à 70 the time the people left the fields the l’heure où l’on rentrait des champs. Des procession was constant. Snakes, serpents, des crotales se mirent à traverser rattlesnakes began to cross the quarters. les quartiers. Les hommes en tuèrent The men killed a few, but they could quelques-uns mais la horde rampante ne not be missed from the crawling horde. s’en trouva guère diminuée. À plusieurs 75 People stayed indoors until daylight. reprises au cours de la nuit, Janie entendit s’ébrouer de gros animaux, comme des daims. Et la voix assourdie d’une panthère. now, Tea Cake and Janie stayed up so late at the fire dances that Tea Cake would not let her go with him to the field. He wanted her to get her rest. “Going to high ground. Saw-grass bloom. Hurricane coming. “ [146] lisping baby breath had left the earth. Even before the sun gave light, dead day was creeping from bush to bush watching man. 65 Several times during the night Janie heard the snort of big animals like deer. Once the muted voice of a panther. 110 Desde que Tea Cake y Janie habían simpatizado con los nativos de las Bahamas que trabajaban en los Everglades, ellos, los «Saws», fueron acercándose poco a poco a los norteamericanos. Cuando descubrieron que sus amigos norteamericanos no se reían de ellos, como ellos habían temido, dejaron de ocultarse para celebrar sus danzas. Muchos de los norteamericanos aprendieron también a saltar y haciéndolo disfrutaban tanto como los propios «Saws». Así fue como empezaron a celebrarse danzas noche tras noche en los barracones, por lo general detrás del de Tea Cake. Muchas veces Tea Cake y Janie permanecían hasta tan tarde contemplando las danzas del fuego que, a la mañana siguiente, Tea Cake no permitía que ella fuera con él a los campos. Quería que descansara bien. stolid 1 lacking or concealing emotion 20 or animation. 2 not easily excited or moved. impasible, sosegado, flema, imperturbable, insensible Et donc elle était seule à la maison un So she was home by herself one Así, una tarde que estaba sola en après-midi lorsqu’elle vit passer une bande de afternoon when she saw a band of casa, Janie vio pasar a un grupo de Séminoles *. Les hommes marchant [273] Seminoles passing by. The men walking seminolas. Los hombres en cabeza y devant, suivis de femmes impassibles, chargées in front and the laden, stolid women X las fuertes mujeres siguiéndolos cargadas comme des burros *. Janie avait souvent vu des 25 following them like burros. She had seen como burros. Había visto indios varias veces Indiens dans les Everglades, par groupes de deux Indians several times in the ’Glades, in en los Everglades, de dos en dos o de ou trois, mais cette bande-ci était nombreuse. twos and threes, but this was a large party. tres en tres, pero ésta era una partida numerosa. Ils se dirigeaient vers la route de Palm Beach They were headed towards the Palm Se dirigían hacia la carretera de Palm et progressaient d’un pas ferme. Une heure Beach road and kept moving steadily. Beach y caminaban a buen paso. Una hora plus tard environ, une autre bande apparut 30 About an hour later another party más tarde apareció otra partida, caminando qui partit dans la même direction. Et une autre appeared and went the same way. Then también en la misma dirección. Luego encore juste avant le coucher du soleil. Cette another just before sundown. This time otra más, justo antes del anochecer. Esta fois-là, elle leur demanda où ils allaient, et pour she asked where they were all going and vez les preguntó adónde iban y por fin uno finir, l’un des hommes lui répondit : at last one of the men answered her. de los hombres le contestó: * Tribu indienne. (NdT) * Baudets. (NdT) —Vamos a tierra alta. Hierba del pantano florecida. Huracán viene. La mañana fue de una calma total. Los vientos, incluido el mínimo y balbuceante soplo de aire, habían abandonado la tierra. Incluso antes de que el sol alumbrara, el día se arrastraba moribundo por entre los arbustos espiando al hombre. Algunos conejos pasaron por los barracones camino del este. También pasaron zarigüeyas y era evidente hacia dónde se dirigían. Una o dos cada vez, luego más. Cuando la gente comenzó a volver de los campos, el desfile era constante. Culebras y serpientes de cascabel empezaron a cruzar por los barracones. Los hombres mataron unas cuantas, pero no era nada comparado con la horda reptante. Todo el mundo se quedó en casa hasta el amanecer. Durante la noche, Janie oyó varias veces resoplidos de animales grandes como ciervos. Una vez el ve- One day, Janie sees several groups of Native Americans departing the Everglades for Palm Beach. She asks them why they are leaving and they respond that a hurricane is coming. The news spreads through the settlement and everyone begins watching anxiously. Over the next few days, more indigenous people leave and animals begin scurrying off in the same direction. Soon, workers begin leaving the town. Although he is offered a ride to higher ground, Tea Cake decides to stay. Several men who decide to stay gather at Tea Cake’s house, and a party ensues. But as the storm whips up, all of the men leave for their own houses except a fellow named Motor Boat. That night and the next day, the storm builds in the distance and the gigantic Lake Okechobee begins to roil. The three of them wait out the storm in the shanty with «their eyes…watching God.» roil v. tr. 1 enturbiar 2 fig. molestar, irritar Tea Cake says that he bets Janie wishes that she had stayed in her big house in Eatonville, but she replies that she doesn’t care what happens as long as they remain together. He goes outside and sees that a serious flood has begun. They decide to flee. They gather up some essential papers and, arms locked against the wind, Tea Cake, Janie, and Motor Boat head east to higher ground. The three look behind them and see that the Okechobee’s dikes have burst and that the lake is pouring toward them, crushing everything in its path. They hurry and reach an abandoned, tall house on a little hill, where they decide to rest. After a short sleep, Janie wakes up and sees the lake moving closer. She and Tea Cake flee, but Motor Boat decides to stay in the house. Exhausted, the couple trudges onward, and the flooding gets so bad that they have to swim great distances. They pass dead bodies and horrible destruction along the way. Trying to grab a piece of roofing for cover, Janie gets blown into rough water. She struggles but then sees a cow swimming by with a growling dog perched on its back. She grabs the cow’s tail for safety, but the dog begins to attack her. Tea Cake dives to the rescue and wrestles in the water with the beast, who bites him on the cheek before he stabs it to death. The next day, Janie and Tea Cake reach Palm Beach, a scene of chaotic destruction. They find a place to rest and Janie thanks Tea Cake for saving her life. Analysis Chapter 17 provides another glimpse of life in the muck, complicating our understanding of Janie and Tea Cake’s relationship just before the climactic arrival of the hurricane in Chapter 18. Tea Cake’s beating of Janie early in Chapter 17 is one of the most confusing incidents in the novel. Modern readers may be surprised that the beating has such little effect on Janie. It is tempting to attribute the briefness of Hurston’s treatment of the incident to the more tolerant attitude toward domestic violence that prevailed when Hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God. Janie’s passive acceptance of the beating, however, relates to the development of her character. At this point in the story, the idea of silence becomes quite significant. Since Jody’s death, Janie has struggled to find her voice. Now that she has found it, she is learning to control it. With Jody, Janie’s silence is a sign of his domination and her weakness; now, silence is becoming an important part of Janie’s strength. She chooses when and when not to speak. In this situation, it is implied that she is willing to sacrifice her body to satisfy Tea Cake’s need for control. Her silence reflects her strength. She puts up with a beating, just once, because she feels that she is strong enough to withstand it and because its negative effects are outweighed by her love for Tea Cake and the good things that he does for her. In many ways, Chapter 18 is the book’s climax. The battle with the hurricane is the source of the book’s title and illuminates the central conflict of the novel: Janie’s quasi-religious quest to find her place in the world amid confusing, unpredictable, and often threatening forces. Throughout the novel, characters have operated under the delusion that they can control their environment and secure a place for themselves in the world. Jody, in particular,
tr. de Fr. Brosky Zora N. Hurston’s Their eyes were tr. de Andrés Ibañez notas Allant vers l’est, vers l’est. Cette nuit-là, les palmiers et les bananiers entamèrent leur conversation lointaine avec la pluie. Plusieurs personnes prirent peur, ramassèrent leurs affaires et partirent à tout hasard pour Palm Beach. Un millier de busards tinrent [275] conseil en vol puis grimpèrent au-dessus des nuages et y restèrent. 5 L’un des Bahamiens arrêta sa voiture 10 One of the Bahaman boys stopped by devant la maison de Ptit-Four et le héla. Tea Cake’s house in a car and hollered. Celui-ci sortit de chez lui en jetant de grands Tea Cake came out throwin’ laughter éclats de rire par-dessus son épaule. over his shoulder into the house. « Salut, Ptit-Four. - Salut, ‘Lias. Tu pars à c-que jvois. 15 - Ouais, vieux. Toi et Janie, vous “Yeah man. You and Janie wanta go? voulez venir ? J’allais donner la place 20 Ah wouldn’t give nobody else uh à personne avant dsavoir si vous aut’, chawnce at uh seat till Ah found out if vous aviez un moyen dpartir. you all had anyway tuh go.” [147] - Merci beaucoup, ‘Lias. Mais on a quasi décidé drester. - Le corbeau pris son envol, vieux. “Thank yuh ever so much, Lias. But 25 we ’bout decided tuh stay.” - C’est rien. T’as pas vu lcontremaît’ “Dat ain’t nothin’. You ain’t seen de prend’ son envol, hein ? Bon ben voilà. 30 bossman go up, is yuh? Well all right Mon vieux, l’argent est trop facile dans now. Man, de money’s too good on the Ibourbier. Y a des chances que dmain muck. It’s liable tuh fair off by ltemps smette au beau. Jpartirais pas si tuhmorrer. Ah wouldn’t leave if Ah wuz j’étais toi. YOU.” - Mon onc’ venu mchercher. Y dit avis dtempête à Palm Beach. Pas si mal là-bas, mais vieux, Ibourbier est trop bas, et c’t énorme lac, y risque de crever. - Ao, naan, vieux. On était justement en train d’en parler. Y en a, ça fait des années qu’y descendent dans les ‘Glades. C’est rien qu’un ptit coup dvent. Tu vas perd’ toute ta journée de dmain à tenter de revnir. [276] 35 40 Going east and east. That night the palm and banana trees began that long distance talk with rain. Several people took fright and picked up and went in to Palm Beach anyway. A thousand buzzards held a flying meet and then went above the clouds and stayed. “Hello Tea Cake.” “Hello ’Lias. You leavin’, Ah see.” “De crow gahn up, man.” “Mah uncle come for me. He say hurricane warning out in Palm Beach. Not so bad dere, but man, dis muck is too low and dat big lake is liable tuh bust.” “Ah naw, man. Some boys in dere now talkin’ ’bout it. Some of ’em been in de ’Glades fuh years. ’Tain’t nothin’ but uh III blow. You’ll lose de 45 whole day tuhmorrer tryin’ tuh git back out heah.” lado rugido de un puma yendo hacia el este. Aquella noche, las palmeras y los bananos iniciaron con la lluvia una conversación a larga distancia. Varias personas se asustaron, recogieron y se marcharon a Palm Beach. Mil buitres sostuvieron en los aires una conferencia y luego ascendieron por encima de las nubes y allí se quedaron. Uno de los chicos de las Bahamas se detuvo en un coche junto a la casa de Tea Cake y llamó a gritos. Tea Cake salió sonriendo por encima del hombro hacia el interior de la casa. —Hola, Tea Cake. —Hola, Lias. Veo que te marchas. —Sí, chico. ¿Queréi veniro Janie y tú? No pensaba ofrecerle el sitio a nadie má hasta saber si vosotro do tenéi dónde ir. [174] —Gracia de tó corazón, Lias, pero hemo decidío quedarno. —El cuervo ha subío pa lo alto, amigo. —Eso no es ná. Tú no has visto al capataz irse pa lo alto, ¿no? Pue entonce. Chico, ahora estamo ganando mucho dinero en la tierra negra. Pa mañana se habrá arreglao el tiempo. Yo no me iría si fuera tú. —Mi tío ha venío a por mí. Dice que hay aviso de huracán en Palm Beach. Allí no es tan malo, pero chico, la tierra negra está mu baja y ese gran lago puede reventar. —Qué va, hombre. Algunos de los muchachos estaban antes hablando de eso. Hay algunos que llevan años en los Everglade. No es ná más que un poco de viento. Perderás tó el día de mañana intentando volver p’acá. demonstrates the folly of this mindset in his attempts to play God. Tea Cake exhibits this folly as well. His ease in the natural environment— his mastery of the muck, his almost supernatural skill at gambling—has made him too proud; he feels that the storm is not a threat. But, of course, the storm humbles all. It is a force of pure destruction and chaos; furthermore, it is a force without a conscience or a consciousness. It is random and unfair, a cruel and devastating facet [aspect] of a confusing universe. Throughout the novel, similar forces antagonize Janie: the doctrines to which Nanny, Logan, and Jody adhere; Mrs. Turner’s racism; the sexism of Eatonville’s men; and the gossip of the porch culture. Like the hurricane, these forces cause Janie pain but lack malicious intent. Janie can never defeat them, only bear them and perhaps survive them. The episode in which Tea Cake, Janie, and Motor Boat wait out the storm is the most direct example of this conflict. Here we see the opposition between individual and environment described in the starkest terms: humans against God, Janie and her friends against nature. The conflict is framed in terms of community. Janie and Tea Cake are joined by Motor Boat in their house, and all of the people in the muck share in the same horrible communion, united together against a terrifying environment. Community and intimacy—people bonded together by circumstance—are humanity’s refuge against threatening forces. Tea Cake and Janie’s relationship represents the most intimate type of communal bond and once again, reciprocity is central to their relationship; each helps the other survive. Their bond represents the ultimate answer to Janie’s spiritual quest. Tea Cake has helped her find her voice, and this voice has enabled her to develop a love based on reciprocity and mutual respect. This union allows her to face the storm boldly and survive the storm and subsequent conflicts. - Les Indiens partis vers l’est, vieux. Dangereux. 50 - Ils ont pas toujours raison. Les Indiens “Dey don’t always know. Indians y savent pas grand-chose pour tout tdire. don’t know much uh nothin’, tuh tell de Sinon ce pays srait encbre à eux. Les Blancs truth. Else dey’d own dis country still. sont partis nulle part. Y lsauraient, eux, si De white folks ain’t gone nowhere. Dey c’était dangereux. Tu frais mieux drester 55 oughta know if it’s dangerous. You better ici, vieux. Y aura dsacrées danses ce soir quand Itemps smettra au beau. » « Si jvous vois jamais plus sur terre, rendez-vous en Afrique ! » D’autres partirent en hâte vers l’est, comme les Indiens, les lapins, les serpents et les ratons laveurs. Mais la majorité resta 70 assise à rire et à attendre que le soleil redevienne amical. 65 “De Indians gahn east, man. It’s dangerous.” stay heah, man. Big jumpin’ dance tuhnight right heah, when it fair off.” ‘Lias hésita ; il s’apprêtait à descendre de Lias hesitated and started to climb voiture, mais son oncle l’en empêcha. « 60 out, but his uncle wouldn’t let him. Demain à la même heure, tu regretteras d’avoir “Dis time tuhmorrer you gointuh wish pas suivi le corbeau », cracha-t-il et il démarra. you follow crow,” he snorted and drove ‘Lias leur fit gaiement signe de la main. off. Lias waved back to them gaily. “If Ah never see you no mo’ on earth, Ah’ll meet you in Africa.” Others hurried east like the Indians and rabbits and snakes and coons. But the majority sat around laughing and waiting for the sun to get friendly again. Plusieurs hommes se rassemblèrent Several men collected at Tea chez Ptit-Four et passèrent le temps à se 75 Cake’s house and sat around bourrer mutuellement les oreilles de courage. stuffing courage into each other’s Janie prépara une grande casserole ears. Janie baked a big pan of beans de fèves et ce qu’elle appelait des biscuits and something she called sweet —Los indios se han ido al este. Es peligroso, chico. —Ellos no siempre saben qué hay que hacer. A decir verdá, los indios no saben mucho de ná. Si supieran, segurían siendo los amos de este país. Los blancos no se han ido a ningún sitio. Si hubiera algún peligro, ellos lo sabrían. Es mejor quedarse aquí, chico. Un gran baile aquí mismo esta noche, cuando mejore el tiempo. Lias dudaba y empezó a salir del coche, pero su tío no le permitió hacerlo. —Mañana a esta hora vas a desear haber seguío a los cuervo —resopló, y puso el coche en marcha. Lias les dijo adiós muy contento. —Si no volvemo a verno en esta tierra, nos encontraremo en África. Hubo otros que como los indios y los conejos y las serpientes y los mapaches huyeron hacia el este. Pero la mayoría se quedaron allí sentados, riendo y esperando a que el sol se mostrara de nuevo amigable. Varios hombres se reunieron en casa de Tea Cake y allí se quedaron, intentando darse ánimos unos a otros. Janie hizo una gran sartén de judías y una cosa a la que ella llamaba bizcochos dulces, y 111
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