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Hurston, Zora N. ''Their Eyes were watching God''-Fr-En-Sp

Hurston, Zora N. ''Their Eyes were watching God''-Fr-En-Sp

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tr. de <strong>Fr</strong>. Brosky <strong>Zora</strong> N. <strong>Hurston</strong>’s Their eyes <strong>were</strong> tr. de Andrés Ibañez notas<br />

Et donc quand on a regardé la photo et<br />

tout le monde a été montré du doigt, y<br />

restait plus personne sauf une ptite fille<br />

vraiment noire avec des cheveux longs<br />

debout à côté d’Eleanor. C’est là que<br />

jdevais êt’ en principe mais jpouvais pas<br />

me reconnaît’ en ce noir enfant. Alors j’ai<br />

demandé : « Où jsuis ? Jme vois pas. »<br />

Tout le monde a ri, même Mr.<br />

Washburn. Miss Nellie, la m’man des<br />

mômes, qu’était revenue après la mort de<br />

son mari, elle a [32] montré la noiraude<br />

et a dit : « C’est toi, Alphabet, tu<br />

treconnais pas ? »<br />

Y m’appelaient tous Alphabet<br />

pasque tant de gens m’avaient donné<br />

tant de noms différents. J’ai regardé la<br />

photo un long moment et j’ai vu qu-c’était<br />

ma robe et mes cheveux et j’ai dit:<br />

« Oh-oh ! Jsuis moricaude ! »<br />

5<br />

10<br />

“So when we looked at de picture<br />

and everybody got pointed out there<br />

wasn’t nobody left except a real dark<br />

little girl with long hair standing by<br />

Eleanor. Dat’s where Ah wuz s’posed<br />

to be, but Ah couldn’t recognize dat<br />

dark chile as me. So Ah ast, ‘where is<br />

me? Ah don’t see me.’<br />

“Everybody laughed, even Mr.<br />

Washburn. Miss Nellie, de Mama of de<br />

chillun who come back home after her<br />

husband dead, she pointed to de dark one<br />

15 and said, ’Dat’s you, Alphabet, don’t you<br />

know yo’ ownself?’<br />

“ Dey all useter call me Alphabet<br />

’cause so many people had done named<br />

20 me different names. Ah looked at de<br />

picture a long time and seen it was mah<br />

dress and mah hair so Ah said:<br />

“ ’Aw, aw! Ah’m colored!<br />

Ils ont tous éclaté de rire. Mais 25 “Den dey all laughed real hard. But<br />

avant de voir la photo, jpensais que before Ah seen de picture Ah thought<br />

j’étais comme les aut’.<br />

Ah wuz just like de rest.<br />

On a vécu là et on s’amusait bien et “Us lived dere havin’ fun till de<br />

puis les mômes à l’école, ils ont 30 chillun at school got to teasin’ me<br />

commencé à smoquer dmoi pasque ’bout livin’ in de white folks’<br />

j’habitais dans l’arrière-cour des Blancs. back-yard. Dere wuz uh knotty head<br />

Y avait une tête de noeuds qui s’appelait gal name Mayrella dat useter git mad<br />

Mayrella et elle se fichait en rogne rien every time she look at me. Mis’<br />

qu’à me rgarder. Mis’ Washburn, elle 35 Washburn useter dress me up in all de<br />

m’habillait avec les vêtements quses clothes her gran’chillun didn’t need no<br />

ptits-enfants avaient plus besoin et c’était mo’ which still wuz better’n whut de<br />

encore mieux que c-que les aut’ mômes rest uh de colored chillun had. And<br />

de couleur, y portaient. Et puis elle then she useter put hair ribbon on mah<br />

mettait des rubans dans mes cheveux. 40 head fuh me tuh wear. Dat useter rile<br />

Mayrella, ça la mettait en boule. Elle en Mayrella uh lot. So she would pick at<br />

avait toujours après moi et elle poussait me all de time and put some others up<br />

les aut’ à faire de même. Y mchassaient tuh do de same. They’d push me ’way<br />

du cerc’ quand y jouaient et y from de ring plays and make out they<br />

prétendaient qu’y pouvaient pas jouer 45 couldn’t play wid nobody dat lived on<br />

avec une fille qui vivait sur la propriété.<br />

<strong>En</strong>suite y mdisaient de pas prend’ des<br />

grands airs pasque leur m’man leur avait<br />

parlé dla meute de chiens [33] qu’avait<br />

premises. Den they’d tell me not to be<br />

takin’ on over mah looks ’cause they<br />

mama told ’em ’bout de hound dawgs<br />

huntin’ mah papa all night long. ’Bout<br />

50 Mr. Washburn and de sheriff puttin’ de<br />

pourchassé mon papa toute la nuit. De<br />

Mr. Washburn et du shérif qu’avaient lancé<br />

bloodhounds on de trail tuh ketch mah<br />

la meute à la poursuite de mon papa à papa for whut he done tuh mah mama.<br />

cause de c-qu’il avait fait à ma m’man. Dey didn’t tell about how he wuz seen<br />

Y parlaient pas dla fois où on l’avait vu tryin’ tuh git in touch wid mah mama<br />

qu’essayait de contacter ma m’man pour 55 later on so he could marry her. Naw,<br />

qu’y puissent se marier. Naan, cette<br />

partielà, ils en parlaient pas du tout. Y<br />

disaient des choses vraiment horrib’ pour<br />

m’ébouriffer les plumes. Y en a aucun<br />

qui s-souvenait même de son nom, mais<br />

la partie avec les chiens, y la<br />

connaissaient tous par coeur. Nounou,<br />

elle aimait pas me voir la tête basse et<br />

elle s’est dit quce serait mieux pour moi<br />

si on avait une maison. Elle a acheté la 65<br />

terre et tout et Mis’ Washburn nous a aidé<br />

un plein paquet.<br />

dey didn’t talk dat part [9] of it atall.<br />

Dey made it sound real bad so as tuh<br />

crumple mah feathers. None of ’em<br />

didn’t even remember whut his name<br />

60 wuz, but dey all knowed de<br />

bloodhound part by heart. Nanny<br />

didn’t love tuh see me wid mah head<br />

hung down, so she figgered it would<br />

be mo’ better fuh me if us had uh<br />

house. She got de land and everything<br />

and then Mis’ Washburn helped out uh<br />

whole heap wid things.”<br />

De par son écoute avide, Phoeby Pheoby’s hungry listening helped<br />

aidait Janie à narrer son histoire. 70 Janie to tell her story. So she went<br />

Celle-ci continua donc de se rappeler ses on thinking back to her young years<br />

jeunes années et de les expliquer à son and explaining them to her friend<br />

amie en phrases douces et tranquilles in soft, easy phrases while all<br />

tandis qu’autour de la maison, la nuit around the house, the night time put<br />

prenait chair et noirceur.<br />

75 on flesh and blackness.<br />

Elle réfléchit un long moment et décida<br />

que sa vie consciente avait débuté près de<br />

rile v.tr. 1 colloq. anger, irritate. 2 US make (water) turbulent or muddy.<br />

rile fam irritar: that really riles me!, ¡esto me cabrea de verdad!<br />

She thought awhile and decided that<br />

her conscious life had commenced at<br />

»Bueno, luego nos pusimos a mirar la foto<br />

y todo el mundo [25] se señalaba con el dedo,<br />

hasta que sólo quedó una niña de piel muy oscura<br />

con cabellos mu largos, que estaba al lado<br />

de Eleanor. Y allí era donde se suponía que<br />

debía estar yo, pero yo no me reconocía en<br />

aquella negrita. De modo que pregunté:<br />

«¿Dónde estoy yo? No me veo».<br />

»Tó el mundo se echó a reír, hasta el<br />

señor Washburn. La señorita Nelly, la<br />

mamá de los niños, que había vuelto a<br />

casa despué de la muerte de su marido,<br />

señaló a la negrita y dijo: «Ésa eres tú,<br />

Alphabet, ¿no te reconoces?».<br />

»Todos ellos solían llamarme<br />

Alphabet porque la gente me ponía<br />

muchos nombres distintos. Miré la<br />

foto durante mucho rato y viendo que<br />

era mi vestío y mi pelo, dije:<br />

»“Ay, ay, ay, ¡si soy de color!»<br />

»Y tós se morían de risa. Pero antes de<br />

ver aquella foto, yo me creía que era blanca<br />

como los otros niños.<br />

»Y así fuimo viviendo, pasándolo bien,<br />

hasta que los niños de la escuela empezaron<br />

a burlarse de mí porque vivía en la parte<br />

trasera del jardín de los blancos. Había una<br />

niña con el pelo lleno de nudo que se llamaba<br />

Mayrella y que se ponía furiosa cada<br />

vez que me miraba. La señora Washburn me<br />

regalaba toa la ropa que sus nietas ya no<br />

necesitaban, por eso yo iba mejor vestía<br />

que los demá chiquillos de color. Y también<br />

me había dao pa que yo la llevara una<br />

cinta pa el pelo. Eso sacaba de sus casillas a<br />

Mayrella. Se pasaba tó el día metiéndose<br />

conmigo, y hacía que los otros también se<br />

metieran conmigo. Nunca me dejaban jugar<br />

con ellos al corro porque decían que<br />

ellos no querían jugar con una niña que<br />

vivía en una mansión de blancos. Y luego<br />

me dijeron que no estuviera tan orgullosa<br />

de lo bien que vestía, porque sus madres<br />

les habían contao cómo los sabuesos habían<br />

perseguido a mi padre toda una noche.<br />

Y les habían contao que el señor<br />

Washburrn y el sheriff habían sacao a los<br />

perros para cazar a mi papá por lo que él<br />

le había hecho a mi mamá. No les dijeron<br />

ná de que má adelante le habían visto intentando<br />

ponerse en contacto con mi<br />

mamá pa casarse con ella. No, de eso no<br />

dijeron ná de ná. Hacían que tó sonara tan<br />

feo que se me [26] ponía la carne de gallina.<br />

Ninguno de ellos recordaba siquiera<br />

cómo se llamaba mi padre, pero lo de<br />

los sabuesos, eso se lo sabían de memoria.<br />

A Nanny no le gustaba verme todo el<br />

día con la cabeza gacha, así que pensó que<br />

lo mejor sería que tuviéramos una casa<br />

para nosotras. Consiguió el terreno y todo,<br />

y la señora Washburn nos ayudó.<br />

El ansia con que Pheoby la escuchaba<br />

ayudaba a Janie a contar su propia<br />

historia. Y fue retrocediendo hasta sus<br />

años jóvenes y contándoselos a su amiga<br />

con frases suaves y fáciles, mientras<br />

en torno a la casa la noche se hacía<br />

más densa y oscura.<br />

Después de pensarlo un instante, decidió<br />

que su vida había empezado a ser<br />

mouth as she sits talking to Pheoby. <strong>Fr</strong>om the<br />

very beginning of the book, then, language plays<br />

a crucial role; the book is framed more as an<br />

act of telling than of writing. Even before Janie<br />

speaks, we hear the murmur of the gossips on<br />

the porch: «A mood come alive. Words walking<br />

without masters.» Throughout the book, speech,<br />

or more accurately, the control of language,<br />

proves crucially important. These first chapters<br />

introduce the important and complex role that<br />

language and speech will play throughout the<br />

novel.<br />

One of the most commented-upon aspects of the<br />

novel is <strong>Hurston</strong>’s split style of narrative. The<br />

book begins in an omniscient, third-person<br />

narrator’s voice, one that is decidedly literary<br />

and intellectual, full of metaphors, figurative<br />

language, and other poetic devices. This voice<br />

anchors the entire novel and is clearly separate<br />

from Janie’s voice. <strong>Hurston</strong> splits the narrative<br />

between this voice and long passages of dialogue<br />

uninterrupted by any comment from the<br />

narrator. These passages are marked by their<br />

highly colloquial language, colorful folksy<br />

aphorisms («Unless you see de fur, a mink skin<br />

ain’t no different from a coon hide»), and<br />

avoidance of Standard Written <strong>En</strong>glish. These<br />

unusual passages celebrate a rich folk tradition<br />

that is not often expressed on the page.<br />

The oscillation between Standard Written<br />

<strong>En</strong>glish and Black Vernacular <strong>En</strong>glish mirrors<br />

one of the novel’s central themes: the<br />

importance of controlling language. Throughout<br />

the book, we see Janie struggle with her own<br />

voice and control of language. As Gates writes<br />

in an afterword included in most modern editions<br />

of the book, <strong>Hurston</strong> views the «search for<br />

voice» as the defining quest of one’s lifetime.<br />

The divided style of narration, however,<br />

suggests that the quest is complicated and lacks<br />

a singular resolution. Gates argues, «<strong>Hurston</strong><br />

uses the two voices in her text to celebrate the<br />

psychological fragmentation of both modernity<br />

and of the black American…. [H]ers is a rhetoric<br />

of division, rather than a fiction of psychological<br />

or cultural unity.» Against this division, though,<br />

<strong>Hurston</strong>, in subtle ways, opens lines of<br />

communication between the two narrative styles.<br />

The third-person narrator is a voice that, while<br />

different from Janie’s, partakes of figures and<br />

experiences in Janie’s world. <strong>Hurston</strong> colors the<br />

narrator’s sophisticated prose with<br />

colloquialisms, like the «Now» that opens the<br />

novel’s second paragraph, nature metaphors,<br />

and a tone that reveals that the narrator delights<br />

in storytelling as much as any of the characters.<br />

Because of these qualities, the narrative voice<br />

is more than just the absence of dialect; the<br />

narrator has a personality that is related, though<br />

not identical, to those of the characters.<br />

<strong>Hurston</strong>’s affection for black folklore and dialect<br />

is evident not only in its raw presentation in dialogue<br />

form but also in the traces it leaves on<br />

her high prose. The subtlety of the traces allow<br />

her to integrate the widely divergent styles into<br />

an aesthetic whole; the styles remain in tension<br />

but can speak to one another.<br />

In Chapter Two, an important symbol is<br />

introduced: Janie’s moment under the pear tree<br />

is a defining moment in her life and one that is<br />

referenced throughout the book. This experience<br />

relates symbolically to several themes: most<br />

obviously, Janie resonates with the sexuality of<br />

the springtime moment, and, for the rest of the<br />

book, the pear tree serves as her standard of<br />

sexual and emotional fulfillment. At first glance,<br />

the tree seems to mirror traditional gender<br />

stereotypes: the tree (the female) waits<br />

passively for the aggressive male bee who<br />

penetrates its blossoms. But <strong>Hurston</strong>’s careful<br />

language tweaks stereotypical notions of the<br />

female role: «the thousand sister calyxes arch<br />

to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver<br />

of the tree….» Although the tree waits for the<br />

arrival of the bee, the love embrace is reciprocal.<br />

<strong>Fr</strong>om the opening passage of the book, it is clear<br />

that men and women are seen as fundamentally<br />

different. Janie doesn’t want a male identity but<br />

rather a female one to parallel a male one; in<br />

the natural world, male and female impulses<br />

complement each other, creating a perfect union<br />

in a mutual embrace. Each gives the other what<br />

the other needs but does not yet possess. This<br />

ideal of love and fulfillment is at the center of<br />

Janie’s quest throughout the book.<br />

7

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