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Australian Politics and Policy - Senior, 2019a

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<strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Politics</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Policy</strong><br />

Although compulsory voting is comparatively rare <strong>and</strong> imposes a small but<br />

important burden on all eligible voters, <strong>Australian</strong>s overwhelmingly support it.<br />

This chapter has described strong public support for Australia’s compulsory voting<br />

laws, the resulting high rates of voter turnout <strong>and</strong> the ease with which <strong>Australian</strong>s<br />

areabletocastavote.Finally,thechapterhasgivenanoverviewofthetwo<br />

largest families of electoral systems – majoritarian <strong>and</strong> consensual – as well as<br />

those systems that combine elements of both. While majoritarian systems, such<br />

as plurality <strong>and</strong> preferential voting, provide political stability, they offer no<br />

representation for losing c<strong>and</strong>idates <strong>and</strong> relatively little for opposition parties.<br />

References<br />

<strong>Australian</strong> Electoral Commission (AEC) (<strong>2019a</strong>). 2019 federal election downloads <strong>and</strong> statistics.<br />

https://www.aec.gov.au/elections/federal_elections/2019/downloads.htm<br />

—— (2019b). Electoral backgrounder: compulsory voting. http://aec.gov.au/About_AEC/<br />

Publications/backgrounders/compulsory-voting.htm<br />

—— (2016). House of Representatives – two party preferred results, 1949 to 2016.<br />

https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/<strong>Australian</strong>_Electoral_History/<br />

House_of_Representative_1949_Present.htm<br />

Banaszak, L.A., <strong>and</strong> P. Doerschler (2012). Coalition type <strong>and</strong> voter support for parties: gr<strong>and</strong><br />

coalitions in German elections. Electoral Studies 31(1): 46–59. DOI: 10.1016/<br />

j.electstud.2011.06.008<br />

Cameron, S.M., <strong>and</strong> I. McAllister (2016). Trends in <strong>Australian</strong> political opinion: results from the<br />

<strong>Australian</strong> Election Study, 1987–2016. Canberra: <strong>Australian</strong> National University.<br />

Hill, L. (2002). On the reasonableness of compelling citizens to ‘vote’: the <strong>Australian</strong> case. Political<br />

Studies 50(1): 80–101. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00360<br />

Lijphart, A. (1997). Unequal participation: democracy’s unresolved dilemma. The American Political<br />

Science Review 91(1): 1–14. DOI: 10.2307/2952255<br />

—— (1994). Electoral systems <strong>and</strong> party systems: a study of twenty-seven democracies, 1945–1990.<br />

New York: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/<br />

acprof:oso/9780198273479.001.0001/acprof-9780198273479<br />

Norris, P. (2004). Electoral engineering: voting rules <strong>and</strong> political behavior. Cambridge, UK:<br />

Cambridge University Press.<br />

Powell, G.B., <strong>and</strong> G.B. Powell Jr (2000). Elections as instruments of democracy: majoritarian <strong>and</strong><br />

proportional visions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.<br />

Pringle, H. (2012). Compulsory voting in Australia: what is ‘compulsory’? <strong>Australian</strong> Journal of<br />

Political Science 47(3): 427–40. DOI: 10.1080/10361146.2012.704001<br />

Riker, W.H. (1982). The two-party system <strong>and</strong> Duverger’s Law: an essay on the history of political<br />

science. The American Political Science Review 76(4): 753–66. DOI: 10.2307/1962968<br />

Shugart, M., <strong>and</strong> M.P. Wattenberg (2001). Mixed-member electoral systems: the best of both worlds?<br />

Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br />

Twomey, A. (1996). Free to choose or compelled to lie? The rights of voters after Langer v The<br />

Commonwealth. Federal Law Review 24(1): 201–20. DOI: 10.1177/0067205X9602400107<br />

100

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