Australian Politics and Policy - Senior, 2019a

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Work, employment and industrial relations policy sector. 48 On the other hand, public sector employers also experience the budgetary cost of wage increases, and so governments at the federal and state level, both Coalition and ALP, may impose caps on negotiated wage increases or even attempt to reduce conditions, leading at times to major industrial action. 49 Conclusions Most public policy in industrial relations, particularly since the 1990s, has been driven by two things: political ideology and each political party’s perception of what the political environment will permit. For the ALP, there is an urge to improve the position of labour (and no love of ‘the big end of town’), but it is constrained by what it considers the business sector and the media will accept. For the Coalition, there is an urge to improve the position of capital (and no love of unions), but it is constrained by what it considers the electorate will allow. Occasionally, especially if an election is near, a party will enact policies that are counter to its traditional base, because of political considerations. Both sides are also constrained, in terms of legislation, by what the Senate will allow, but they (particularly the Coalition) have foundthatmakingthe‘right’appointmentsofpersonneltokeypositionscanbeat leastasimportantastheformalaimsofanorganisationoritsgoverninglegislation. Industrial relations policies are rarely evaluated in the way of public policies in several other areas, and if they are it is often for specific purposes, reflected in the bodies or individuals chosen for the task. A feature of industrial relations policy is the use of inquiries to justify political positioning, and to provide some distancing for a government that wants to test public reaction to ideas. Two recent examples are the Heydon Royal Commission into Trade Union Governance and Corruption, and a Productivity Commission inquiry into workplace regulations. 50 Another feature is the use of the rationale of ‘productivity’ to justify changes, even when the evidence on this is limited or contradictory – the most glaring example being reform in the building and construction industry. 51 That is, even where the reason is ideology or politics, the stated rationale may be about productivity, flexibility or economic growth. Although all areas of public policy are influenced by ideology and politics, this phenomenon is particularly marked in industrial relations policy. While ‘evidencebased policy’ may be a phrase that haunts many other areas of public policy, its ghost is barely evident here. 48 Kaine and Boersma 2018; Peetz and Murray 2017. 49 Gahan, Pekarek and Nicholson 2018. 50 Forsyth 2017; Peetz 2016a. 51 Allan, Dungan and Peetz 2010. 739
Figure 2 Working days lost per 1000 employees. Source: ABS Cat. No. 6321.0; RBA 1997, table 4.21.
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Edited by Peter J. Chen, Nicholas B
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Acknowledgments viii Introduction I
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Contents Religious communities and
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Nicholas Barry, John R. Butcher, Pe
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Introduction The study of politics
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Introduction nature tends towards i
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Introduction existence represented
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Introduction it reflects the knowle
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Introduction Section Political soci
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Introduction Meagher, Gabrielle, an
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Introduction research covers policy
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A short political history of Austra
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Australian political thought Loveda
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Australian political thought Anothe
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Australian political thought in suc
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Australian political thought linked
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Australian political thought giving
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Australian political thought andthe
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Australian political thought commit
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Australian political thought The do
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Australian political thought ——
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Marija Taflaga Key terms/names acco
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Executive government This distingui
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Executive government When the Austr
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Executive government Since the late
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Executive government Table 1 Cabine
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Executive government • the overal
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Executive government served its opp
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Executive government Figure 1 The m
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Executive government Shergold, Pete
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Parliaments of Australia role, many
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Parliaments of Australia Table 1 Pa
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Parliaments of Australia Parliament
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Parliaments of Australia Case examp
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Parliaments of Australia Immediatel
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Parliaments of Australia Case examp
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Parliaments of Australia Scrutiny o
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Parliaments of Australia summary, f
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Jill Sheppard Key terms/names compu
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Electoral systems Figure 1 Response
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Electoral systems However, individu
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Electoral systems linedupandfilledi
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Electoral systems Figure 2 Australi
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Electoral systems government’s fo
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Electoral systems to be grouped wit
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Electoral systems Figure 3 Sample b
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Electoral systems Figure 5 Sample b
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Electoral systems About the author
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The Australian party system Party s
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The Australian party system The sec
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The Australian party system respons
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The Australian party system to vote
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The Australian party system Like th
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The Australian party system per cen
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The Australian party system party s
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The Australian party system splits
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The Australian party system Macridi
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The public sector The contemporary
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The public sector back to the 1854
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The public sector In the private se
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The public sector in the public sec
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The public sector Table 1 Compariso
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The public sector Figure 2 Public s
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The public sector whole-of-client s
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The public sector • How should th
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The public sector Parker, R. (1978)
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Mary Griffiths Key terms/names Aust
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Media and democracy Mediatisation T
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Media and democracy into ever narro
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Media and democracy majority of Aus
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Media and democracy consumers is pr
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Media and democracy Limits of press
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Media and democracy Parliament Hous
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Media and democracy ofreplyonasocia
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Grant Hooper Key terms/names appeal
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Courts Suchrightsarefoundinthecommo
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Courts Figure 1 Generalised Austral
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Courts or opinions upon policy. We
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Courts Perhapsmostcontroversially,a
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Courts Harvey, Callie (2017). Found
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Australian Politics and Policy ment
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