MCSA/MCSE Self-Paced Training Kit (Exam 70-270): Installing ...

G-26 Glossary
multitasking A mode of operation offered by an operating system in which a computer
works on more than one task at a time. There are two primary types of multitasking:
preemptive and nonpreemptive. In preemptive multitasking, the
operating system can take control of the processor without the task’s cooperation.
In nonpreemptive multitasking, the processor is never taken from a task—the task
itself decides when to give up the processor. A true multitasking operating system
can run as many tasks as it has processors. When there are more tasks than processors,
the computer must “time slice” so that the available processors devote a
certain amount of time to one task and then move on to the next task, alternating
between tasks until all are completed.
N
namespace Any bounded area in which a name can be resolved. Name resolution is
the process of translating a name into some object or information that the name
represents. The Active Directory namespace is based on the Domain Name System
(DNS) naming scheme, which allows for interoperability with Internet technologies.
naming convention An organization’s established standard for identifying users.
nbtstat A diagnostic command that displays protocol statistics and current Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connections using NetBIOS over
TCP/IP (NetBT). This command is available only if the TCP/IP protocol has been
installed. See also netstat.
NDIS See Network Device Interface Specification (NDIS).
NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) A protocol supplied with all
Microsoft network products. NetBEUI advantages include small stack size (important
for MS-DOS-based computers), speed of data transfer on the network
medium, and compatibility with all Microsoft-based networks. The major drawback
of NetBEUI is that it is a local area network (LAN) transport protocol and
therefore does not support routing. It is also limited to Microsoft-based networks.
NetBIOS (network basic input/output system) An application programming interface
(API) that can be used by application programs on a local area network (LAN)
consisting of IBM-compatible microcomputers running MS-DOS, OS/2, or some
version of UNIX. Primarily of interest to programmers, NetBIOS provides application
programs with a uniform set of commands for requesting the lower level network
services required to conduct sessions between nodes on a network and
transmit information between them.
NetBIOS over TCP/IP The session-layer network service that performs name-to-IP
address mapping for name resolution.
NetBT See NetBIOS over TCP/IP.