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MCSA/MCSE Self-Paced Training Kit (Exam 70-270): Installing ...

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13-2 Chapter 13 Supporting TCP/IP<br />

Lesson 1: Configuring and Troubleshooting TCP/IP<br />

On a TCP/IP network, each device (computer, router, or other device with a connection<br />

to the network) is referred to as a host. Each TCP/IP host is identified by a logical<br />

IP address that identifies a computer’s location on the network in much the same way<br />

as a street address identifies a house on a street. Microsoft’s implementation of TCP/IP<br />

enables a TCP/IP host to use a static Internet Protocol (IP) address or to obtain an IP<br />

address automatically from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.<br />

For simple network configurations based on local area networks (LANs), Windows XP<br />

also supports automatic assignment of IP addresses. Windows XP Professional includes<br />

many tools that you can use to troubleshoot TCP/IP and test connectivity.<br />

After this lesson, you will be able to<br />

■ Explain the use of IP addresses.<br />

■ Configure TCP/IP to use a static IP address.<br />

■ Configure TCP/IP to obtain an IP address automatically.<br />

■ Explain the use of Automatic Private IP Addressing.<br />

■ Specify an alternate TCP/IP configuration for a computer running Windows XP Professional.<br />

■ Use TCP/IP tools to troubleshoot a connection.<br />

Estimated lesson time: 60 minutes<br />

What Is an IP Address?<br />

Every interface on a TCP/IP network is given a unique IP address that identifies it on<br />

that network. IP handles this addressing, defining how the addresses are constructed<br />

and how packets are routed using those addresses.<br />

An IP address consists of a set of four numbers, each of which can range from 0 to 255.<br />

Each of these numbers is separated from the others by a decimal point, so a typical IP<br />

address in decimal form might look something like 192.168.1.102. The reason that each<br />

number ranges only up to 255 is that each number is actually based on a binary octet,<br />

or an eight-digit binary number. The IP address 192.168.1.102 represented in binary<br />

form is 11000000 10101000 00000001 01100110. Computers work with the binary format,<br />

but it is much easier for people to work with the decimal representation.<br />

An IP address consists of two distinct portions:<br />

■ The network ID is a portion of the IP address starting from the left that identifies<br />

the network segment on which a host is located. Using the example 192.168.1.102,<br />

the portion 192.168.1 might be the network ID. When representing a network ID,<br />

it is customary to fill in the missing octets with zeroes. So, the proper network ID<br />

would be 192.168.1.0.

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