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BOOKS AND READERS IN THE ROMAN WORLD books made of it were already common in the first century B.C. It was merely a question of time before this handy combination of format and material was applied to book production. In the event the time was curiously slow in coming. In a well-known group of poems Martial refers to presents in the form of parchment codices, evidently miniatures, containing literary texts. 1 It seems a commendable innovation, but it •was not generally taken up. The change from roll to codex, when it did come, -was connected with the eventual triumph of Christianity in the Roman empire. For reasons which are not entirely clear Christian literature, especially the Bible, was from the first, whether written on papyrus or parchment, circulated in «?
THE 'FATA LIBELLORUM' to look. Even writers such as Macrobius and Servius are unlikely to have taken their citations of early Republican writers direct from the texts themselves. By the time of Augustine texts even of Cicero were hard to come by in Africa (Epist. 118.2.9). For educational and rhetorical purposes epitomes and abstracts were increasingly in vogue; Marcus Aurelius asks Fronto for excerpts from Lucretius and Ennius (Fronto, Epist. p. 105 N). Such habits threatened more expecially lengthy works such as Livy's history, but were also generally inimical to the survival of all books not central to the standard school programme. The purpose for which a book -was read had an important bearing on its textual fortunes. Literary authors, especially those used as grammatical texts, were respectfully treated. Books which were read for content rather than form — grammars, manuals such as Cato's De agri cultura or the cookery book ascribed to Apicius — -were abbreviated, expanded, and generally altered at will. In spite of temporary and local revivals of interest in this or that period or author, as when Juvenal suddenly became popular in the aristocratic circles of Rome in the fourth century — revivals which tended to be offset by a corresponding neglect of other areas 1 — a steady process of attrition had been at work for many years before the roll was finally superseded by the codex. Quod latety ignotum est 'what is hidden, is unknown' (Ov. Ars Am. 3-397); even those texts "which still survived somewhere 2 "were effectively lost unless they satisfied two requirements. Their existence had to be known, and they had to be deemed •worth the trouble (and expense) of recopying. Texts which failed to pass this double test were doomed to disappearance. Further losses of course were to occur during the Dark and Middle Ages, but they must have been relatively small in comparison with what failed to survive the end of classical antiquity. A text that had been copied into a codex and lodged in a monastic or capitular library was by no means out of the wood; but it had a better than sporting chance of coming through. 3 6. SCHOLARSHIP AND CRITICISM Roman scholars took over the traditions of Alexandrian literary scholarship along with the rest of Hellenistic culture. 4 An early exercise in the collection and determination of authenticity of texts was conducted by Cicero's contemporary M. Terentius Varro, who established the canon of Plautus' plays 1 Wessner (1929); cf. Cameron (1964) 367—8 on the general neglect of Silver Age literature in the later Empire. 1 At least one complete text of Ennius' Annales was still extant as late as the fifth century: Norden (1915) 78-86. 3 Cf. Knowles (1958) 143—7. * On Hellenistic scholarship see Pfeiffer (1968) 123—251, Turner (1968) 97—126, Fraser (1971) I 447-^9; CHCL 1. 27 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Page 1 and 2: THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF CLASSICAL
Page 3 and 4: THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF CLASSICAL
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS List of plates P°g e xii
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 11 Cicero and the relation
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS PART V! EARLY PRINCIPATE 2
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS 41 Minor figures 770 by RO
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE The Cambridge History of Cl
Page 15 and 16: Anth. Lat. ANRW Bardon BT Bude Burs
Page 17 and 18: OCT Para via PIR PL PLF PLM PLRE PM
Page 19 and 20: READERS AND CRITICS Cambridge Histo
Page 21 and 22: BOOKS AND READERS IN THE ROMAN WORL
Page 25 and 26: EDUCATION The same dependence, and
Page 27 and 28: EDUCATION Such were the characteris
Page 29 and 30: AUTHOR AND PUBLIC his work on a sma
Page 31 and 32: AUTHOR AND PUBLIC was of humble or
Page 33 and 34: AUTHOR AND PUBLIC remained relative
Page 35 and 36: BOOKS AND PUBLICATION Greek papyri
Page 37 and 38: BOOKS AND PUBLICATION In antiquity
Page 39 and 40: BOOKS AND PUBLICATION "We are on sl
Page 43: THE 'FATA LIBELLORUM' conditions
Page 47 and 48: SCHOLARSHIP AND CRITICISM panion vo
Page 49 and 50: THE SENSE OF 'LIBER' two books, as
Page 51 and 52: 2 LITERARY CRITICISM Literary criti
Page 53 and 54: THE 'ACADEMICS' for we find him ass
Page 55 and 56: THE 'ACADEMICS' on the prominence o
Page 57 and 58: THE 'ACADEMICS' some distinguished
Page 59 and 60: THE 'ACADEMICS' descended to erotic
Page 61 and 62: THE 'ACADEMICS' before it three pre
Page 63 and 64: THE CRAFTSMEN ON THEIR CRAFTS to su
Page 65 and 66: THE CRAFTSMEN ON THEIR CRAFTS foren
Page 67 and 68: THE CRAFTSMEN ON THEIR CRAFTS to ju
Page 69 and 70: II EARLY REPUBLIC Cambridge Histori
Page 71 and 72: THE GENESIS OF POETRY IN ROME I. TH
Page 73 and 74: THE PRE-LITERARY BACKGROUND The lin
Page 75 and 76: THE PRE-LITERARY BACKGROUND This ar
Page 77 and 78: THE EARLIEST EPIC POETRY Despite a
Page 79 and 80: THE SCOPE AND CONTENTS OF THE ANNAL
Page 81 and 82: THE SCOPE AND CONTENTS OF THE ANNAL
Page 83 and 84: ENNIUS AND THE MUSES Virgil's time
Page 85 and 86: ENNIUS THE HELLENISTIC POET the Gra
Page 87 and 88: ENNIUS THE HELLENISTIC POET anapaes
Page 89 and 90: ENNIUS THE HELLENISTIC POET anachro
Page 91 and 92: ENNIUS THE HELLENISTIC POET This is
Page 93 and 94: ENNIUS THE HELLENISTIC POET wind-si
Page 95 and 96:
5 DRAMA I. THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRA
Page 97 and 98:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA story in
Page 99 and 100:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA not only
Page 101 and 102:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA record t
Page 103 and 104:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA declaime
Page 105 and 106:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA Greek pr
Page 107 and 108:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA poets fr
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THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA a well-d
Page 111 and 112:
THE ORIGINS OF ROMAN DRAMA and who
Page 113 and 114:
LIGHT DRAMA Plautus (i) The authent
Page 115 and 116:
LIGHT DRAMA Carthaginian' = Karched
Page 117 and 118:
LIGHT DRAMA (Alexis may have). Lycu
Page 119 and 120:
LIGHT DRAMA fore cannot logically a
Page 121 and 122:
LIGHT DRAMA style, and yet the vers
Page 123 and 124:
LIGHT DRAMA Characterization is not
Page 125 and 126:
LIGHT DRAMA exploits and strategy w
Page 127 and 128:
LIGHT DRAMA City One is, through ex
Page 129 and 130:
LIGHT DRAMA Ballio's entrance in Ps
Page 131 and 132:
LIGHT DRAMA mentioned as outsiders,
Page 133 and 134:
LIGHT DRAMA He lists several object
Page 135 and 136:
LIGHT DRAMA Menander, but distorted
Page 137 and 138:
LIGHT DRAMA ing, and because of the
Page 139 and 140:
LIGHT DRAMA and even spectacular
Page 141 and 142:
LIGHT DRAMA loaded sense which we f
Page 143 and 144:
LIGHT DRAMA quae ibi aderant forte
Page 145 and 146:
LIGHT DRAMA Terence had a difficult
Page 147 and 148:
SERIOUS DRAMA The Argonautic saga a
Page 149 and 150:
SERIOUS DRAMA narrow and unsystemat
Page 151 and 152:
SERIOUS DRAMA related to the real-l
Page 153 and 154:
SERIOUS DRAMA dramatists. Perhaps m
Page 155 and 156:
SERIOUS DRAMA TRF 590, 591-3 = ROL
Page 157 and 158:
THE RANGE OF OLD LATIN PROSE Cicero
Page 159 and 160:
THE RANGE OF OLD LATIN PROSE Flamin
Page 161 and 162:
TECHNICAL WRITING dimensions for th
Page 163 and 164:
THE PEN IN POLITICS wider audience
Page 165 and 166:
THE PEN IN POLITICS she is able to
Page 167 and 168:
THE PEN IN POLITICS When Cato spoke
Page 169 and 170:
HISTORY To be truly Roman was not a
Page 171 and 172:
CATO ORATOR what a position our cou
Page 173 and 174:
CATO ORATOR plebitas, duritudo (cf.
Page 175 and 176:
THE MINOR WORKS OF ENNIUS Ennius ke
Page 177 and 178:
THE MINOR WORKS OF ENNIUS associate
Page 179 and 180:
SATURA BEFORE ENNIUS? remark are cu
Page 181 and 182:
LUCILIUS ((30) 1013 M = ROL 1091).
Page 183 and 184:
LUCILIUS si minu' delectat, quod or
Page 185 and 186:
LUCILIUS should risk his own life t
Page 187 and 188:
LUCILIUS cruel by asking a friend h
Page 189 and 190:
LUCILIUS Greek words are very promi
Page 191 and 192:
Ill LATE REPUBLIC Cambridge Histori
Page 193 and 194:
8 PREDECESSORS The short poems of C
Page 195 and 196:
PREDECESSORS even to a twentieth-ce
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THE NEW POETS AND THEIR ANTECEDENTS
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
THE MARRIAGE OF PELEUS AND THETIS k
Page 209 and 210:
THE MARRIAGE OF PELEUS AND THETIS C
Page 211 and 212:
THE MARRIAGE OF PELEUS AND THETIS i
Page 213 and 214:
'CATULLI VERONENSIS LIBER' lines of
Page 215 and 216:
'CATULLI VERONENSIS LIBER' Catullus
Page 217 and 218:
LESBIA, SIRMIO, CALVUS Lesbia. But
Page 219 and 220:
LESBIA, SIRMIO, CALVUS Hadriae tabe
Page 221 and 222:
LESBIA, SIRMIO, CALVUS o uenusta Si
Page 223 and 224:
LESBIA, SIRMIO, CALVUS Licinius, ye
Page 225 and 226:
10 LUCRETIUS The De rerum natura of
Page 227 and 228:
BACKGROUND references to Roman ritu
Page 229 and 230:
BACKGROUND This verdict cannot be c
Page 231 and 232:
BACKGROUND genuine excitement, the
Page 233 and 234:
POET AND PHILOSOPHER these can be e
Page 235 and 236:
LUCRETIUS 3. THE POEM Structure Lik
Page 237 and 238:
THE POEM teaching. The prologues, f
Page 239 and 240:
THE POEM from earlier parts of the
Page 241 and 242:
THE POEM elsewhere in the work and
Page 243 and 244:
THE POEM politics, law, and public
Page 245 and 246:
THE POEM and which would at the sam
Page 247 and 248:
THE POEM poetry in too cerebral a m
Page 249 and 250:
CICERO'S ATTITUDE TO CULTURE gorean
Page 251 and 252:
CICERO'S ATTITUDE TO CULTURE date i
Page 253 and 254:
ORATORY AS CICERO FOUND IT trumped
Page 255 and 256:
ORATORY IN CICERO AND HIS CONTEMPOR
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
VERSE Lines of similar structure to
Page 267 and 268:
LETTERS In letter no. 9, long enoug
Page 269 and 270:
SPEECHES We may surmise however tha
Page 271 and 272:
SPEECHES Exordia, in Cicero's opini
Page 273 and 274:
SPEECHES He executed all the prison
Page 275 and 276:
DIALOGUES AND TREATISES As his prim
Page 277 and 278:
DIALOGUES AND TREATISES Yet the De
Page 279 and 280:
DIALOGUES AND TREATISES Senate and
Page 281 and 282:
DIALOGUES AND TREATISES his daughte
Page 283 and 284:
DIALOGUES AND TREATISES dared to br
Page 285 and 286:
LITERARY INFLUENCE IN ANTIQUITY fea
Page 287 and 288:
SALLUST known as the 'Catiline'), p
Page 289 and 290:
SALLUST over distinction between bo
Page 291 and 292:
SALLUST recent history? An answer i
Page 293 and 294:
SALLUST to seem good' is high prais
Page 295 and 296:
SALLUST moves closer to biography.
Page 297 and 298:
SALLUST Many asyndeta do not effect
Page 299 and 300:
13 CAESAR C. Julius Caesar's surviv
Page 301 and 302:
CAESAR Tigurini on the river Arar,
Page 303 and 304:
CAESAR the Gallic Wars. Indeed it w
Page 305 and 306:
VARRO to explain how, in a full lif
Page 307 and 308:
VARRO found in Menippus, a third-ce
Page 309 and 310:
CORNELIUS NEPOS Nepos' shallow lear
Page 311 and 312:
PROSE AND MIME 3. THE LITERARY MIME
Page 313 and 314:
IV THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS Cambridge Hi
Page 315 and 316:
15 UNCERTAINTIES Cicero was murdere
Page 317 and 318:
UNCERTAINTIES the decline of civili
Page 319 and 320:
16 THEOCRITUS AND VIRGIL Theocritus
Page 321 and 322:
THEOCRITUS AND VIRGIL The Idyll beg
Page 323 and 324:
VIRGIL AND THEOCRITUS rusticana). O
Page 325 and 326:
VIRGIL AND THEOCRITUS eleventh Idyl
Page 327 and 328:
VIRGIL AND THEOCRITUS ness on the p
Page 329 and 330:
THE BOOK OF ECLOGUES M. Pollio hims
Page 331 and 332:
THE BOOK OF ECLOGUES lective beauty
Page 333 and 334:
THREE ECLOGUES tion that it was wri
Page 335 and 336:
THREE ECLOGUES — an allusion to C
Page 337 and 338:
THREE ECLOGUES reader's, unschooled
Page 339 and 340:
POLITICAL BACKGROUND The poem deals
Page 341 and 342:
INTENTION AND NATURE OF THE POEM im
Page 343 and 344:
STRUCTURE farmer's calendar. Passag
Page 345 and 346:
STRUCTURE Troy. Caesar himself has
Page 347 and 348:
STRUCTURE principle, which could th
Page 349 and 350:
STRUCTURE ported by the logos and i
Page 351 and 352:
18 THE AENElD I. THE AENEID AND ITS
Page 353 and 354:
AUGUSTAN BACKGROUND story became we
Page 355 and 356:
AUGUSTAN BACKGROUND ut cum carcerib
Page 357 and 358:
AUGUSTAN BACKGROUND nothing other t
Page 359 and 360:
LITERARY BACKGROUND and Hecuba', el
Page 361 and 362:
LITERARY BACKGROUND euertere opum i
Page 363 and 364:
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE technique
Page 365 and 366:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS forward and si
Page 367 and 368:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS his Trojans ha
Page 369 and 370:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS development of
Page 371 and 372:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS world the best
Page 373 and 374:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS But that was e
Page 375 and 376:
THE CHIEF CHARACTERS aspects of Tur
Page 377 and 378:
DESTINY AND RELIGION he could trans
Page 379 and 380:
DESTINY AND RELIGION their individu
Page 381 and 382:
STYLE AND METRE can on occasion use
Page 383 and 384:
STYLE AND METRE more cannot be said
Page 385 and 386:
STYLE AND METRE caesura to line end
Page 387 and 388:
CONCLUSION Deiphobus; the deaths of
Page 389 and 390:
A CRITIQUE OF THE TRADITIONAL STERE
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
A CRITIQUE OF THE ACADEMIC DICHOTOM
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
20 LOVE ELEGY I. GENERAL INTRODUCTI
Page 425 and 426:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION transform Gree
Page 427 and 428:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOVE ELEGY (
Page 429 and 430:
CORNELIUS CALLUS twenties. Of the f
Page 431 and 432:
ALBIUS TIBULLUS mythological or oth
Page 433 and 434:
SEXTUS PROPERTIUS taken from his ea
Page 435 and 436:
PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO the countrysid
Page 437 and 438:
OTHER ELEGISTS The Latin love elegy
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'FAME IS THE SPUR' The symbols are
Page 441 and 442:
THE HEROIDES resultant action is en
Page 443 and 444:
THE HEROIDES Dido threaten; the des
Page 445 and 446:
THE HEROIDES Finally his impatience
Page 447 and 448:
THE FASTI (Acontius and Cydippe), C
Page 449 and 450:
THE METAMORPHOSES tragic (Cephalus
Page 451 and 452:
THE METAMORPHOSES to new things'
Page 453 and 454:
THE METAMORPHOSES by contrast, now
Page 455 and 456:
THE METAMORPHOSES another catalogue
Page 457 and 458:
THE METAMORPHOSES (13.i—398). Thi
Page 459 and 460:
THE METAMORPHOSES maintained by the
Page 461 and 462:
THE POEMS OF EXILE Ovid was not a p
Page 463 and 464:
THE POEMS OF EXILE distinction is c
Page 465 and 466:
THE POEMS OF EXILE ingenio tamen ip
Page 467 and 468:
THE POEMS OF EXILE 10), or his pers
Page 469 and 470:
THE POEMS OF EXILE The language and
Page 471 and 472:
THE POEMS OF EXILE light the Tristi
Page 473 and 474:
THE POEMS OF EXILE Ovid's was a muc
Page 475 and 476:
ACHIEVEMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS in
Page 477 and 478:
LIVY Historical activity had flouri
Page 479 and 480:
LIVY a basis a narrative which he c
Page 481 and 482:
LIVY of Abydus is told in terms of
Page 483 and 484:
LIVY lights occurs when the Aequi t
Page 485 and 486:
23 MINOR FIGURES I. POETRY The poet
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POETRY unlike the Copa and Moretum,
Page 489 and 490:
POETRY survival, written according
Page 491 and 492:
POETRY Messallae of 31 B.C. 1 A hig
Page 493 and 494:
POETRY The elegiac, on the other ha
Page 495 and 496:
POETRY Codrusque ille canit, quali
Page 497 and 498:
POETRY saepe suas uolucres legit mi
Page 499 and 500:
POETRY concerns the origins of astr
Page 501 and 502:
POETRY utque per ingentis populus d
Page 503 and 504:
POETRY Rome, it seems, never lost h
Page 505 and 506:
POETRY while fr. i, T, ., ' Idaeos
Page 507 and 508:
POETRY Pedo is more Virgilian. Usua
Page 509 and 510:
POETRY another area of Latin litera
Page 511 and 512:
PROSE apotheosis in a stiff, rather
Page 513 and 514:
V EARLY PRINCIPATE Cambridge Histor
Page 515 and 516:
24 CHALLENGE AND RESPONSE The first
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CHALLENGE AND RESPONSE home towns a
Page 519 and 520:
CHALLENGE AND RESPONSE under August
Page 521 and 522:
25 PERSIUS The satires of Persius a
Page 523 and 524:
SATIRE 2 high-quality honour' (inco
Page 525 and 526:
SATIRE 4 (In the second, one notes
Page 527 and 528:
SATIRE 6 enlightened self-indulgenc
Page 529 and 530:
26 THE YOUNGER SENECA I. INTRODUCTI
Page 531 and 532:
THE STYLISTIC REVOLUTIONARY while i
Page 533 and 534:
SENECAN PROSE You tell me {you say)
Page 535 and 536:
SENECAN PROSE In either case, howev
Page 537 and 538:
SENECAN PROSE Pensies — a paragra
Page 539 and 540:
SENECAN TRAGEDY that the literate p
Page 541 and 542:
SENECAN TRAGEDY literature (modern
Page 543 and 544:
SENECAN TRAGEDY reproduced for thei
Page 545 and 546:
SENECAN TRAGEDY an Attendant; and t
Page 547 and 548:
SENECAN TRAGEDY eclipse, or is the
Page 549 and 550:
THE OCTAVIA in modern discussions,
Page 551 and 552:
27 LUCAN Petronius' classicistic re
Page 553 and 554:
LUCAN to warrant the hypothesis of
Page 555 and 556:
LUCAN declamation, epode — all st
Page 557 and 558:
LUCAN The imminent rupture of all l
Page 559 and 560:
LUCAN Likewise, in the sphere of di
Page 561 and 562:
LUCAN As with poetic diction, so wi
Page 563 and 564:
LUCAN No rural Pan dwelt there, no
Page 565 and 566:
LUCAN desertion is premature; worse
Page 567 and 568:
LUCAN at uagus Afer equos ut primum
Page 569 and 570:
LUCAN The horses are stabbed, not s
Page 571 and 572:
LUCAN Lucan now completes his demol
Page 573 and 574:
LUCAN non Euri cessasse minas, non
Page 575 and 576:
LUCAN proves right: he remains outs
Page 577 and 578:
INTRODUCTORY It was only at the Ren
Page 579 and 580:
INTRODUCTORY thoroughly vindicated.
Page 581 and 582:
STATIUS fantasia on a curious plane
Page 583 and 584:
STATIUS quality of his verse. To th
Page 585 and 586:
STATIUS a propempticon, since it wi
Page 587 and 588:
STATIUS ancient poets, with a unive
Page 589 and 590:
STATIUS elements in the poems, but
Page 591 and 592:
STATIUS no less many-sided are its
Page 593 and 594:
STATIUS The epic ends on a note of
Page 595 and 596:
STATIUS ing mania spreads to Argos
Page 597 and 598:
STATIUS lengthy battle scenes (Book
Page 599 and 600:
VALERIUS sense to Valerius' detrime
Page 601 and 602:
VALERIUS object. By such a metamorp
Page 603 and 604:
VALERIUS feeble and attenuated: obs
Page 605 and 606:
VALERIUS you are astounded, I know
Page 607 and 608:
VALERIUS instead a historic Weltbil
Page 609 and 610:
SILIUS Pliny's words have survived
Page 611 and 612:
SILIUS the recipient of a divine be
Page 613 and 614:
SILIUS miniature. Silius' cura has
Page 615 and 616:
29 MARTIAL AND JUVENAL On the usual
Page 617 and 618:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL Faustinas' vill
Page 619 and 620:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL dictate to him:
Page 621 and 622:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL to laud the new
Page 623 and 624:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL imagination, an
Page 625 and 626:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL selection is ap
Page 627 and 628:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL never seen dire
Page 629 and 630:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL at his disposal
Page 631 and 632:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL the first of wh
Page 633 and 634:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL rifle the resou
Page 635 and 636:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL tives, Grecisms
Page 637 and 638:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL Now autumn With
Page 639 and 640:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL Likewise Juvena
Page 641 and 642:
MARTIAL AND JUVENAL derision. Juven
Page 643 and 644:
PHAEDRUS fables had appeared only i
Page 645 and 646:
CALPURNIUS SICULUS patron represent
Page 647 and 648:
LAUS PISONIS favoured never feared
Page 649 and 650:
EPIGRAMS group of verses, on Claudi
Page 651 and 652:
31 PROSE SATIRE I. APOCOLOCYNTOSIS
Page 653 and 654:
PROSE SATIRE 2. PETRONIUS Petronius
Page 655 and 656:
PETRONIUS arrestingly adapted, the
Page 657 and 658:
32 HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY I. VELLEIU
Page 659 and 660:
VELLEIUS PATERCULUS Atticus (Cic. B
Page 661 and 662:
TACITUS compelled the attention of
Page 663 and 664:
TACITUS demonstrate his talents rat
Page 665 and 666:
TACITUS Tacitus begins his Historie
Page 667 and 668:
TACITUS weaving details or opinions
Page 669 and 670:
TACITUS writing. Tacitus' style is
Page 671 and 672:
TACITUS Verbal sharpness, concomita
Page 673 and 674:
TACITUS sension and lust for power
Page 675 and 676:
PLINY THE YOUNGER serious request f
Page 677 and 678:
PLINY THE YOUNGER affected. By blen
Page 679 and 680:
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY 5. SUETONIUS
Page 681 and 682:
SUETONIUS not so much because of it
Page 683 and 684:
FLORUS as hero (see 2.14.4—6), th
Page 685 and 686:
33 TECHNICAL WRITING 1. POMPONIUS M
Page 687 and 688:
COLUMELLA sension as he is independ
Page 689 and 690:
PLINY THE ELDER was both patriotic
Page 691 and 692:
FRONTINUS well have sought a very p
Page 693 and 694:
QUINTILIAN In the long technical se
Page 695 and 696:
FRONTO on threadbare themes exude t
Page 697 and 698:
AULUS GELLIUS has benefited us grea
Page 699 and 700:
VI LATER PRINCIPATE Cambridge Histo
Page 701 and 702:
35 INTRODUCTORY The period to be st
Page 703 and 704:
INTRODUCTORY regions as the militar
Page 705 and 706:
INTRODUCTORY only in the Greek lang
Page 707 and 708:
INTRODUCTORY between Ambrose and Sy
Page 709 and 710:
INTRODUCTORY significant way differ
Page 711 and 712:
POETRY characteristics. The first i
Page 713 and 714:
POETRY It has been dated at various
Page 715 and 716:
POETRY of Man, but it is very doubt
Page 717 and 718:
POETRY Trier to become tutor to Gra
Page 719 and 720:
POETRY In the words of a perceptive
Page 721 and 722:
POETRY The prey is hooked, and slan
Page 723 and 724:
POETRY been challenged. They are br
Page 725 and 726:
POETRY centuries saw the flourishin
Page 727 and 728:
POETRY looked like; and of Stilicho
Page 729 and 730:
POETRY Posteritas, admitte fidem: m
Page 731 and 732:
POETRY which he did not wish to sur
Page 733 and 734:
POETRY is characteristic of the cla
Page 735 and 736:
POETRY while adopting the latter. T
Page 737 and 738:
POETRY which Valentinian and his fa
Page 739 and 740:
POETRY of date, and it is clear tha
Page 741 and 742:
37 BIOGRAPHY The form of imperial b
Page 743 and 744:
BIOGRAPHY wise unknown authorities
Page 745 and 746:
BIOGRAPHY concerned with anti-Chris
Page 747 and 748:
BIOGRAPHY Laomedon to the capture o
Page 749 and 750:
BIOGRAPHY hearted commitment to a s
Page 751 and 752:
HISTORY Not all Republican or early
Page 753 and 754:
HISTORY themselves to a readership
Page 755 and 756:
HISTORY long and discursive history
Page 757 and 758:
HISTORY mentators. But it also cont
Page 759 and 760:
HISTORY Julian's teacher and friend
Page 761 and 762:
HISTORY There survives in a medieva
Page 763 and 764:
HISTORY summary fashion, either by
Page 765 and 766:
HISTORY are unknown to us, but bear
Page 767 and 768:
HISTORY particular from Virgil. His
Page 769 and 770:
HISTORY of Nazianzus. Most of these
Page 771 and 772:
HISTORY All these points demanded c
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39 ORATORY AND EPISTOLOGRAPHY The s
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ORATORY AND EPISTOLOGRAPHY and othe
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ORATORY AND EPISTOLOGRAPHY as one o
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ORATORY AND EPISTOLOGRAPHY to Valen
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SCHOLARS works as Varro's Res rusti
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SCHOLARS platonist mystic worship o
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GRAMMARIANS read and write. In ever
Page 787 and 788:
GRAMMARIANS is sound rather than or
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MINOR FIGURES rate rhetorical purpl
Page 791 and 792:
MINOR FIGURES the courts during Dio
Page 793 and 794:
APULEIUS (' On the commonwealth') a
Page 795 and 796:
APULEIUS exhorting those readers to
Page 797 and 798:
APULEIUS guard a corpse led to his
Page 799 and 800:
APULEIUS The two main anecdotes in
Page 801 and 802:
APULEIUS a traditionally dissolute
Page 803 and 804:
APULEIUS attributable to an impulsi
Page 805 and 806:
VII EPILOGUE Cambridge Histories On
Page 807 and 808:
The primary aim of any literary his
Page 809 and 810:
EPILOGUE Of the epic composed betwe
Page 811 and 812:
EPILOGUE pastoral now exists side b
Page 813 and 814:
EPILOGUE the Tuscidans and from the
Page 815 and 816:
APPENDICES Cambridge Histories Onli
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS ANDRO
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS had i
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS that
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS disco
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS M. Ta
Page 827 and 828:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS schol
Page 829 and 830:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Moste
Page 831 and 832:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS CAECI
Page 833 and 834:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Carth
Page 835 and 836:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (5) P
Page 837 and 838:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS B. Ta
Page 839 and 840:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS expli
Page 841 and 842:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS editi
Page 843 and 844:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS I. Ma
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (190
Page 847 and 848:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS at Nu
Page 849 and 850:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS WORKS
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS 73-10
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Heine
Page 855 and 856:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS A. S.
Page 857 and 858:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS durin
Page 859 and 860:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS M.H.
Page 861 and 862:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (1) E
Page 863 and 864:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Hagen
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS possi
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Aenea
Page 869 and 870:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Page
Page 871 and 872:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS TIBUL
Page 873 and 874:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Baile
Page 875 and 876:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS M. Ha
Page 877 and 878:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS ' Beo
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Catal
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS ancie
Page 883 and 884:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS BIBLI
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS VITRU
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (Amst
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS 13th
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Page 893 and 894:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS favou
Page 895 and 896:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (1970
Page 897 and 898:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS 290-3
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Guill
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APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Lustr
Page 903 and 904:
Page 905 and 906:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS ascri
Page 907 and 908:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS PETRO
Page 909 and 910:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Velle
Page 911 and 912:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS TEXTS
Page 913 and 914:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND "WORKS 15 (
Page 915 and 916:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS SUETO
Page 917 and 918:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS STUDI
Page 919 and 920:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS COLUM
Page 921 and 922:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Plini
Page 923 and 924:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS FRONT
Page 925 and 926:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Bowde
Page 927 and 928:
Page 929 and 930:
Page 931 and 932:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Honor
Page 933 and 934:
Page 935 and 936:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS (birt
Page 937 and 938:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Cooke
Page 939 and 940:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS IUSTI
Page 941 and 942:
Page 943 and 944:
Page 945 and 946:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS Neuja
Page 947 and 948:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS P. Co
Page 949 and 950:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS DONAT
Page 951 and 952:
Page 953 and 954:
APPENDIX OF AUTHORS AND WORKS de Gh
Page 955 and 956:
METRICAL APPENDIX should be disrega
Page 957 and 958:
METRICAL APPENDIX Trochaic septenar
Page 959 and 960:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT (1967). Kor
Page 961 and 962:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Cichorius,
Page 963 and 964:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Fiske, G. C
Page 965 and 966:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Harder, R.
Page 967 and 968:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Knowles, M.
Page 969 and 970:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Mohrmann, C
Page 971 and 972:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Pighi, G. B
Page 973 and 974:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Seitz, K. (
Page 975 and 976:
WORKS CITED IN THE TEXT Watson, A.
Page 977 and 978:
I Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano. Fra
Page 979 and 980:
III PQasr Ibrim L 1/2. Part of a pa
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