00402

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A CONTEXTUAL GRAMMAR OF ACEHNESE SENTENCES by Abdul Gani Asyik A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Linguistics) in The University of Michigan 1987 Doctoral Committee: Professor John M.Lawler, Chairman Professor Alton L.Becker Professor Glen M.Knudsvig Professor Richard Rhodes, The University of California, Berkeley.
Page 1: ->*- - l£iOEt4
Page 5 and 6: A contextual grammar of Acehnese se
Page 7: INFORMATION TO USERS While the most
Page 13 and 14: RULES REGARDING THE USE OF MICROFIL
Page 15 and 16: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
Page 17 and 18: I wish to thank the University of M
Page 19 and 20: 2.1.5.2 beuranoka- 63 2.1.5.3 SA- 6
Page 21 and 22: 5.3.1 Intransitive VP Complements 3
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 Ethnography CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCT
Page 25 and 26: North Sumatra. During my research o
Page 27 and 28: are pronounced [b^JTad] and fkaiTul
Page 29 and 30: special sound that is not shared by
Page 31 and 32: There are many other examples; one
Page 33 and 34: 11 Atjeh." At that time, school cur
Page 35 and 36: 13 In 1977 Budiman Sulaiman wrote B
Page 37 and 38: 15 c). Nasals. Nasals consist of or
Page 39 and 40: 1.4.1.2 Vowels 17 Acehnese vowels c
Page 41 and 42: 19 present standard Acehnese spelli
Page 43 and 44: 21 I singet for [sinfct] 'leaning'
Page 45 and 46: 'i for [i] 'a for [ i] 'a for [a] 2
Page 47 and 48: Examples: 'ia for [ia] 'ia for [la]
Page 49 and 50: Examples: V CV CVC CCV CCVC vc 1.4.
Page 51 and 52: 29 prove or disprove any particular
Page 53 and 54: 31 the choice between the two diffe
Page 55 and 56: 33 presence of pronominal clitics i
Page 57 and 58: 35 this is given in Chapter 6.) How
Page 59 and 60: 37 used in such a situation. It ind
Page 61 and 62:
39 these two pronouns, long is the
Page 63 and 64:
41 The following table shows the pr
Page 65 and 66:
yr 43 used for the prefix geu- when
Page 67 and 68:
45 pronouns and pronominal affixes
Page 69 and 70:
2.1.2 Titles 47 Titles are words us
Page 71 and 72:
waki Mando 49 affairs in a village'
Page 73 and 74:
51 furniture, tools, almost everyth
Page 75 and 76:
53 27. Duwa neuk treuk ie lang ciri
Page 77 and 78:
55 paioh 'to eat;' peunaioh 'food'
Page 79 and 80:
36. Le Many that very 57 ceuneuroh
Page 81 and 82:
59 [ii]. f-eun- : -aai - ) and f-un
Page 83 and 84:
61 First syllable omission also occ
Page 85 and 86:
63 ikat 'to tie;' neuikat 'the tyin
Page 87 and 88:
65 Out of the nine words that can b
Page 89 and 90:
67 defined in 4.2, that is, verbs t
Page 91 and 92:
69 Some verbs with meu- indicates t
Page 93 and 94:
71 52. Bek geu-meukah keu aduen dro
Page 95 and 96:
73 57. Hana lon-jak le u rumoh sake
Page 97 and 98:
75 meukeude 'to run a shop' (from k
Page 99 and 100:
77 meuuieuen 'to play in the rain'
Page 101 and 102:
79 mupavah 'to take the trouble' (f
Page 103 and 104:
81 In forming new verbs from other
Page 105 and 106:
83 76. Pak'on ka ii-meukalon-kalon
Page 107 and 108:
85 Thus, peu- becomes PU- when used
Page 109 and 110:
87 82. Di kah ka-peuabang jih. SFC
Page 111 and 112:
move to.' 89 87. Lumo geutanyoe ka
Page 113 and 114:
91 The verb peugot which is used to
Page 115 and 116:
93 94. Ka teugidong bungong Ion. IN
Page 117 and 118:
95 is used, as in ka meuculok mata-
Page 119 and 120:
97 tuho 'to know (to) where, to kno
Page 121 and 122:
99 "epenthesis" and "reduplicative
Page 123 and 124:
101 tulak 'to push (tr.);' tumulak
Page 125 and 126:
103 reuloh 'to destroy (tr.);' meur
Page 127 and 128:
105 kr'eh 'the sound of scratching
Page 129 and 130:
107 112. Peue ka-dong ka-mando mant
Page 131 and 132:
109 a). With some nouns, especially
Page 133 and 134:
Ill c). meu- is also used to form v
Page 135 and 136:
113 121. Bajee gopnyan meuneumirah.
Page 137 and 138:
115 teungoh watee mugreb 'during th
Page 139 and 140:
117 a), di becomes hi-, di 'in, at'
Page 141 and 142:
2.4.4 Adverbs of Purpose 119 These
Page 143 and 144:
121 Some adverbs are used to indica
Page 145 and 146:
£-ez*sv 123 Some adverbs of manner
Page 147 and 148:
125 Some adverbs from these words a
Page 149 and 150:
^-«EWC*!S*^ 127 given in Chapter 4
Page 151 and 152:
129 where the blank is the Core Top
Page 153 and 154:
131 5. Orang itu guru saya. (122) 2
Page 155 and 156:
133 orders as OV i£-S (or OV i£-A
Page 157 and 158:
135 3.2.1 Intonation in "Subiect-Pr
Page 159 and 160:
137 12. Jift^ka ji-jak A . (Pred.)
Page 161 and 162:
i 139 If the word preceding a PP is
Page 163 and 164:
141 33. Goppyan-^sabe* geu-jak. HeT
Page 165 and 166:
143 ,'"\ 40. Palak-geuh" ureueng ny
Page 167 and 168:
145 46. Gopjaryifa hana geu-^a-lt?
Page 169 and 170:
147 3.3 Basic Sentence Structure In
Page 171 and 172:
149 Acehnese: Kamoe buet nyoe dilee
Page 173 and 174:
151 55. Ureueng nyan geu-tulong si
Page 175 and 176:
153 61. Ureueng nyan geu-kalon di a
Page 177 and 178:
155 head NP of a focus sentence and
Page 179 and 180:
157 one as in sentence (44) of 3.2.
Page 181 and 182:
159 75. Uroe jyyoe*,uroe Rabu. ____
Page 183 and 184:
161 82. Mantptig" ureueng nyan bak
Page 185 and 186:
163 92. Rumoh keulabee nyan [rumoh
Page 187 and 188:
I 165 100. Di kamoe h'an ek-meuh ku
Page 189 and 190:
167 of certain adverbs of time, suc
Page 191 and 192:
169 113. Kamoe meu-keuneuk/neuk min
Page 193 and 194:
171 123. Beu ka-bayeue jinoe, meuh'
Page 195 and 196:
173 pavah represents two different
Page 197 and 198:
175 order to.' The negative of nak
Page 199 and 200:
177 question),' h'antbm 'never,' ja
Page 201 and 202:
179 b)*Ban lon-buka pinto, ji-pluen
Page 203 and 204:
.--' -______a_-a»~^- . 181 a.2)*Ne
Page 205 and 206:
183 keudeh has some other usages. T
Page 207 and 208:
185 When a second person is the sub
Page 209 and 210:
w 187 177. a) Neu-jep keudeh ubat n
Page 211 and 212:
189 which may sometimes be a reluct
Page 213 and 214:
191 cit is often accompanied by meu
Page 215 and 216:
193 m •• •• _• N 197. 0 p
Page 217 and 218:
195 b) Hana ka-peu?ek lagoe kayee n
Page 219 and 220:
197 210. Meunyo ka neu-bbh, ka-keuh
Page 221 and 222:
199 A structure in which an NP is m
Page 223 and 224:
201 Acehnese NP's normally allow tw
Page 225 and 226:
203 b) Te lang cawan mantong seu?ue
Page 227 and 228:
205 not an inflected language that
Page 229 and 230:
207 is relatively big and unspecifi
Page 231 and 232:
209 242. a) Ureuenq-ureueng nyang n
Page 233 and 234:
211 and (249), we will have nouns r
Page 235 and 236:
213 di in this sentence can easily
Page 237 and 238:
215 263. Boh mamplam nyan ka-bri ke
Page 239 and 240:
217 267. Kameng hana ji-bri pisang
Page 241 and 242:
219 272. a)*Teungoh jij-kalon jihi
Page 243 and 244:
221 277. Ka ji-poh lon di jih IN 3y
Page 245 and 246:
223 'Look' or 'Listen,' in some oth
Page 247 and 248:
225 structure in Acehnese that has
Page 249 and 250:
227 297. a) Gopnyan galak-geuh (keu
Page 251 and 252:
CHAPTER 4 AGREEMENT SYSTEM Acehnese
Page 253 and 254:
231 | Normally, the proclitics and
Page 255 and 256:
233 13. Ureueng rumoh nyan ka u Med
Page 257 and 258:
235 23. Di lon rhet ulee dilee. SFC
Page 259 and 260:
237 29. Kriban di droeneuh? Di lon
Page 261 and 262:
239 35. Bak mamplam nyoe ka ji-mubo
Page 263 and 264:
241 Neither meja 'table' in (44), n
Page 265 and 266:
243 the verb must be made to agree
Page 267 and 268:
245 clauses) and their equivalents,
Page 269 and 270:
247 supernatural beings, animals, a
Page 271 and 272:
249 stories, subject omission is ob
Page 273 and 274:
251 preceded by a preposition. A fu
Page 275 and 276:
253 omission in stories can be show
Page 277 and 278:
Translation: 255 Lheueh (*long) lon
Page 279 and 280:
257 rule, volitional verbs take pro
Page 281 and 282:
259 thee 'to realize, to become awa
Page 283 and 284:
). Other verbs: 261 teuka 'to arriv
Page 285 and 286:
263 tell her child 'to get lost.' I
Page 287 and 288:
265 4.4 Proclitics Omission for Sem
Page 289 and 290:
267 Due to the meaning sentences of
Page 291 and 292:
269 b)*Peue, na ceumuru keu jih? Wh
Page 293 and 294:
271 b) Abang reubah lang parek-geuh
Page 295 and 296:
273 b) Ayah mantong di rumoh-geuh.
Page 297 and 298:
I 275 Pronouns, kinship terms, titl
Page 299 and 300:
277 b) Pue, raga nyoe droeneuh=peug
Page 301 and 302:
279 The function of double cross-re
Page 303 and 304:
281 b) Macut teungoh geu-taguen-(*l
Page 305 and 306:
i 283 The rule for enclitics is bas
Page 307 and 308:
285 b) Bak ta-kalbn dali, sang kame
Page 309 and 310:
287 159. Gopnyan le bajee baro-geuh
Page 311 and 312:
289 with the second person, which i
Page 313 and 314:
291 172. Aneuk-miet nyang beungeh b
Page 315 and 316:
293 In contrast with what has just
Page 317 and 318:
295 b) Nyoe lon-sambong lon-peugah
Page 319 and 320:
297 complements, where subject of t
Page 321 and 322:
299 b) Neu-peuidin (kamoe) kamoe=do
Page 323 and 324:
301 199. a) Na torn neu-dengb [buya
Page 325 and 326:
303 206. Na peng, hana [ngbn jak],
Page 327 and 328:
305 212. Lheueh mandum ureueng geu-
Page 329 and 330:
CHAPTER 5 COMPLEMENTATION By comple
Page 331 and 332:
309 The verb neuk is equivalent to
Page 333 and 334:
311 initial verb. Instead of intona
Page 335 and 336:
313 [i]. Verbs of the first group c
Page 337 and 338:
315 19. a) Pertamina ji-neuk=peugbt
Page 339 and 340:
317 serialization here can be descr
Page 341 and 342:
319 _ * 29. Ka lon-yue-tamong (*bak
Page 343 and 344:
which verbs them tulong 'to help' p
Page 345 and 346:
323 pakat is used with ngon 'with'
Page 347 and 348:
325 considered serialized verbs; th
Page 349 and 350:
327 5.2.1 Object NP Complements Obj
Page 351 and 352:
329 59. Mie lagee kah cit; ji-pajoh
Page 353 and 354:
331 Notice that the verb of the com
Page 355 and 356:
333 Except for the meanings, there
Page 357 and 358:
peuleumah 'to show' 335 lane 'to ex
Page 359 and 360:
337 c) Macutj geu-sangka di • gop
Page 361 and 362:
339 84. Ji-peugah geu-poh-poh-jih s
Page 363 and 364:
enclitic. This emphasize the is mor
Page 365 and 366:
inoat 'to remember' theun 'to bear'
Page 367 and 368:
345 99. Hana lon-tusoe (geu-)duek j
Page 369 and 370:
347 107. Hana lbn-tukriban le lon-p
Page 371 and 372:
349 111. Kee ku-keumeung poh kah. I
Page 373 and 374:
351 object exists in Acehnese. Ther
Page 375 and 376:
353 The only explanation to the phe
Page 377 and 378:
355 119. Barang nyoe geu-harap le T
Page 379 and 380:
357 124. Meunyo malee bak ta-teuman
Page 381 and 382:
359 131. Hajat-geuh that gata ta-wo
Page 383 and 384:
361 Class 1 verb, and the latter me
Page 385 and 386:
363 144. Suai talo geutanyoe hana t
Page 387 and 388:
365 150. Teungku Amin ka geu-mulayi
Page 389 and 390:
367 These three verbs are also diff
Page 391 and 392:
369 167. Ji-pb reuoh-reubh-teuh ta-
Page 393 and 394:
371 174. Gopnyan geu-dawa lon golom
Page 395 and 396:
373 When a higher object is placed
Page 397 and 398:
375 I b) Bu h'an geu-bri-taguen le
Page 399 and 400:
5.4 fty-TArr 377 This chapter has d
Page 401 and 402:
379 the head NP of the relative cla
Page 403 and 404:
381 In spoken language, such ambigu
Page 405 and 406:
383 11. Buet nyang hana galak-keuh
Page 407 and 408:
385 17. Bak ureueng meulaot, nyan s
Page 409 and 410:
387 An NP with an adverb as modifie
Page 411 and 412:
389 31. Ka-bi ie nyang seuJuem sabo
Page 413 and 414:
391 37. a) Ureueng (nyang) peugbt m
Page 415 and 416:
393 38. c) Bajee (*nyang) beukah lo
Page 417 and 418:
395 45. a) Ureueng (nyang) meuh'eut
Page 419 and 420:
397 51. Ta-jak pajan/jan * (nyang)
Page 421 and 422:
399 pat '(in) where, location' hs '
Page 423 and 424:
401 64. Ka-pasoe ube (*nyang) ek ka
Page 425 and 426:
403 67. Meunyo ku-tusoe nyang cok a
Page 427 and 428:
405 pajan 'when (what time)' pakon
Page 429 and 430:
407 79. Question: Pat lon-peuduek u
Page 431 and 432:
409 Any word that can be used as a
Page 433 and 434:
411 expensive, and chili is expensi
Page 435 and 436:
413 98. Ka-bbh keudeh pingan nyang
Page 437 and 438:
415 b)*Nyoe keureutah nyang mat daw
Page 439 and 440:
417 6.1.5 Relativization of Objects
Page 441 and 442:
6.1.5.1.1 Method One 419 This is th
Page 443 and 444:
421 s ' b) Kayee nyang gopnyan-pula
Page 445 and 446:
6.1.5.1.2 Method Two 423 Objects an
Page 447 and 448:
425 6.1.5.1.3 Method One versus Met
Page 449 and 450:
I 427 130. a)*Bu nyang geu-taguen d
Page 451 and 452:
429 mieng. That is what (133a) sugg
Page 453 and 454:
431 Object NP's are also topicalize
Page 455 and 456:
433 The subject can also be placed
Page 457 and 458:
435 Besides bak. two other single l
Page 459 and 460:
437 As expected by the coordinate N
Page 461 and 462:
439 b) Ka lon-tupat kuwala bak gopn
Page 463 and 464:
di luwa 'ouside' 441 bak bineh 'at
Page 465 and 466:
443 with the back toward the table.
Page 467 and 468:
445 164. Lumo inbng pijuet nyang ja
Page 469 and 470:
447 Compound adjectives, for exampl
Page 471 and 472:
449 a.2) Nek hana le gigoe. Grandmo
Page 473 and 474:
451 17 9. Neu-jak keunoe u rumoh lo
Page 475 and 476:
453 when this verb is a Class 1 ver
Page 477 and 478:
455 188. a) Gopnyan luwat-geuh keu
Page 479 and 480:
457 194. a) Sikin nyoe* nyang h'an
Page 481 and 482:
BILIOGRAPHY 459
Page 483 and 484:
461 Carden, Guy. "On Post-Determine
Page 485 and 486:
463 Halim, Amran. Intonation in Rel
Page 487:
465 Williams, Edwin S. "Predication
show all

00402

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?