00402

More documents

Recommendations

Info

found a way to help me. With Prof. Lawler's help, I was given a proxy library card. It is this card that has made it possible for me to make use of the University computers, without this help, I would have been in great difficulty in writing my dissertation. My special thanks go to Mark Durie for sending me his grammar, his articles, and some other articles that have been very useful to me in writing my dissertation. I have profitted very much from the discussion that I had with him in Ann Arbor and from his comments on my earlier draft. For the financial support during my Master's program, I would like to thank the P.T.Caltex Indonesia. Thanks for all the pleasant trips and services in Rumbai and Jakarta during the months of preparation for my departure to the U.S. My Ph.D. Program has been sponsored by The Asia Foundation with the financial support of the Mobil Oil operating in Aceh. This includes the expenses for the six month's research in Aceh for this dissertation. For all this support, I would like to express my thanks to both the Asia Foundation and Mobil Oil. I am deeply grateful to Universitas Syiah Kuala in Banda Aceh for the leave of absence granted to me from 1981 to 1987. I would like to thank Prof. Dr.Ibrahim Hasan, MBA, the former Rector, and Prof. Dr. Abdullah Ali, the present Rector, who have helped find sponsors for me. I also would like to thank the Dean of Fakultas Keguruan and Ilmu Pendidikan for all kinds of supports given to me. iv
I wish to thank the University of Michigan computing centers for the facilities that I have been using, and for the good services from their staff. I also wish to thank the following persons who have devoted their time to me by engaging in conversations and telling me stories: Mami, Teh Jah, Abdul Wahai., Tgk. Gani, and Cutda Sapiah. Finally, my wife and my children, whom I have left for so long, deserved special thanks for their continuous encouragement, patience and deep understanding.
Page 1: ->*- - l£iOEt4
Page 5 and 6: A contextual grammar of Acehnese se
Page 7: INFORMATION TO USERS While the most
Page 11: A CONTEXTUAL GRAMMAR OF ACEHNESE SE
Page 14 and 15: For my wife and my children ii
Page 18 and 19: TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii ACK
Page 20 and 21: 3.3.1 Subject 149 3.3.2 Predicate 1
Page 22 and 23: Table LIST OF TABLES 1. Pronouns 40
Page 24 and 25: Meulaboh) and in South Aceh (Capita
Page 26 and 27: North Aceh dialect. The Greater Ace
Page 28 and 29: [u] . In the following words, [u] i
Page 30 and 31: 8 will be able to tell that the oth
Page 32 and 33: 10 nothing much to add to what Duri
Page 34 and 35: 12 Other important points in the th
Page 36 and 37: 1.4.1 Phonetic Inventory 14 Acehnes
Page 38 and 39: 16 In addition to single consonants
Page 40 and 41: 18 Besides single vowels, there are
Page 42 and 43: 20 which is [rapa?i] 'traditional A
Page 44 and 45: a). [w] is written as an. 22 beukah
Page 46 and 47: 'i 'e [iii]. Diphthongs 24 Nasal Vo
Page 48 and 49: 26 1.4.3 Writing Borrowed Words Man
Page 50 and 51: (ii) PP's: 28 di rumoh* 'in house (
Page 52 and 53: 30 except those marked as unaccepta
Page 54 and 55: 32 ethnography, the dialects, previ
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2 DERIVATION OF FOUR CLASSE
Page 58 and 59: 2.1 Nouns 36 Nouns are such words a
Page 60 and 61: 38 pronouns are usually made into p
Page 62 and 63: Person Pronouns 40 Table 1: Pronoun
Page 64 and 65: 42 4. t'oh 'which, any,' beurangkat
Page 66 and 67:
44 3. Aneuk nyan saket-jifl. Child
Page 68 and 69:
46 not any grammatical process comp
Page 70 and 71:
48 '"Teungku" from Bayu.' The follo
Page 72 and 73:
50 kai 'a fourth of an are' gantano
Page 74 and 75:
52 23. Peuet bak bak u payah koh. F
Page 76 and 77:
54 30. Limong go on bubong treuk ka
Page 78 and 79:
56 2.1.5.1.2 Inflation jn Qne-SyUab
Page 80 and 81:
58 37. Bajee nyoe ka teuplbh ceuneu
Page 82 and 83:
60 tirut 'pointed, smaller and smal
Page 84 and 85:
62 with the first syllable omitted
Page 86 and 87:
adverbs. 64 beurangkari 'any, any o
Page 88 and 89:
2.2 Verbs sioeue 'one thing' siKrek
Page 90 and 91:
2.2.1.1.1 Noun Sterna 68 Many verbs
Page 92 and 93:
70 muminveuk 'to make cooking oil'
Page 94 and 95:
72 'to use musical instrument,' meu
Page 96 and 97:
74 meukanto 'to build or occupy a p
Page 98 and 99:
76 meu?eunokot 'to sell fish from p
Page 100 and 101:
78 67. Di Ion lon-mumakmeuoang di g
Page 102 and 103:
80 mubrok 'to be in bad terms (with
Page 104 and 105:
82 this is rather strange because t
Page 106 and 107:
84 meuteubiet-teubiet 'everyone is
Page 108 and 109:
86 b). Some verbs are formed from k
Page 110 and 111:
with.' 88 peugaki 'to push with one
Page 112 and 113:
90 89. Jeh-pat ceurape. Ka-peulet b
Page 114 and 115:
92 [iv]. With numerals and guantifi
Page 116 and 117:
94 97. Ka meutet surat saboh. PERF
Page 118 and 119:
96 Table 3: "tu-words' 1. soe 'who,
Page 120 and 121:
98 activity.' It is also used with
Page 122 and 123:
100 got 'to pull (tr.);' aeumeuaot
Page 124 and 125:
102 2.2.1.5.5 Initial Svllabla Omis
Page 126 and 127:
2.2.1.7 cau- and -sur.- 104 As used
Page 128 and 129:
106 It should be noted that words d
Page 130 and 131:
108 113. Jih leubeh carong nibak ge
Page 132 and 133:
110 a). With some verbs meu - means
Page 134 and 135:
2.3.1.2 aau- -aun- 112 These two af
Page 136 and 137:
hunchbacked' 114 tahe 'amazed;' teu
Page 138 and 139:
116 [ii]. Past Time Adverbs. To for
Page 140 and 141:
118 into hi- discussed in [i.a] abo
Page 142 and 143:
120 (3.3.3.4.2). The clause followi
Page 144 and 145:
122 Unlike adjectives, adverbs of m
Page 146 and 147:
124 beurangka'oh 'in any manner' me
Page 148 and 149:
2.5 F"""p*-Y 126 geureub'um* reubah
Page 150 and 151:
3.1 Word Qrdar CHAPTER 3 SENTENCES
Page 152 and 153:
130 Compare also the intonation of
Page 154 and 155:
132 seems to be the basic order for
Page 156 and 157:
3.2 Intonation 134 Intonation varie
Page 158 and 159:
136 11. Aneuk-miet nyang saket brat
Page 160 and 161:
138 c). A PP: a predicate or a PP i
Page 162 and 163:
29. Nyari^fliantong*. That still 14
Page 164 and 165:
142 3.2.3 intonation in "Predicate-
Page 166 and 167:
144 Every time fronting occurs with
Page 168 and 169:
146 3.2.6 Intonation in Questions w
Page 170 and 171:
148 Acehnese: Jih ji-jak u keude. [
Page 172 and 173:
150 because the sentence should beg
Page 174 and 175:
152 sentence where two such NP's ha
Page 176 and 177:
154 active sentences by subject NP'
Page 178 and 179:
156 definitions of subjects. Due to
Page 180 and 181:
158 In all sentences below, the ini
Page 182 and 183:
160 As a subject, ureueng nyan can
Page 184 and 185:
162 87. Keubiri nyoe asee nya*n ji-
Page 186 and 187:
164 97. Lon ji-poh le jih. I 3y-bea
Page 188 and 189:
Aspect 166 »I Modal }MD (PP)(PP) P
Page 190 and 191:
168 teungoh 'middle' (Progressive)
Page 192 and 193:
170 116. Lon meuseuti Ion-woe jinoe
Page 194 and 195:
172 able, have the ability.' The ve
Page 196 and 197:
174 3.3.3.4 The Positions of Adverb
Page 198 and 199:
176 Adverbs of result are expressed
Page 200 and 201:
149. 178 Di gopnyan sabe awai trok-
Page 202 and 203:
follows. 180 keudeh and hare/sare '
Page 204 and 205:
182 meanings, keudeh implies 'indee
Page 206 and 207:
184 164. Bah beu hinan-jih keudeh.
Page 208 and 209:
I 186 However, one can express an o
Page 210 and 211:
188 [ii]. treuk. treuk is used imme
Page 212 and 213:
190 186. Krueng nyoe sit sabe peuno
Page 214 and 215:
192 followed by a statement saying
Page 216 and 217:
200. Ji-pajoh lagoe. 3-eat SUR 194
Page 218 and 219:
196 205. Ka lagoe ji-woe. PERF SUR
Page 220 and 221:
198 211. [[duwa droejj-jureueng [sa
Page 222 and 223:
200 217. ureueng kemeukoh kamoe per
Page 224 and 225:
202 224. Ka-cok ija nyang gleh sikr
Page 226 and 227:
204 231. Baroe lon-bloe lhee boh pa
Page 228 and 229:
206 of the subject NP, and often wi
Page 230 and 231:
208 240. Teungku-teungku nyang meuh
Page 232 and 233:
210 245. Nyoe long-pakat nyang gala
Page 234 and 235:
212 i 254. Luweue-geuh panyang-pany
Page 236 and 237:
214 intonation. This is the intonat
Page 238 and 239:
216 present, it is possible in Aceh
Page 240 and 241:
218 2 69. Di macut geu-neuk woe u g
Page 242 and 243:
220 [iv]. Another syntactic functio
Page 244 and 245:
222 [vii]. di is also used in sente
Page 246 and 247:
224 290. Nyoe kurusi nyoe karap sab
Page 248 and 249:
226 is often omitted in context, or
Page 250 and 251:
228 intonation, the order subject-p
Page 252 and 253:
230 b) *Di kamoe hana turi gopnyan.
Page 254 and 255:
10. a) Ma 232 na-geuh di rumoh. Mot
Page 256 and 257:
234 animal subjects. (From now on,
Page 258 and 259:
236 27. a) Ureueng nyan teukhem-geu
Page 260 and 261:
4.1 Subject Conditions 238 In my pr
Page 262 and 263:
240 41. Rumoh gopnyan ji-hadap u la
Page 264 and 265:
242 .* *• b) *Ube nyang ka neu-pe
Page 266 and 267:
244 therefore, necessary to redefin
Page 268 and 269:
246 65. Trep-trep meugeuratan-jih s
Page 270 and 271:
70. 'Etnha neu-jak? Where 2r-go 248
Page 272 and 273:
Translation: 250 (7) Tiep uroe ^3 j
Page 274 and 275:
252 or other modifiers. Actually it
Page 276 and 277:
Translation: 254 $. Karap h'an ji-t
Page 278 and 279:
256 Subject omission is also obliga
Page 280 and 281:
258 meaning (p)), such as mubeuno '
Page 282 and 283:
260 83. Beuklam lon-lumpoe saket ma
Page 284 and 285:
). Other adjectives: Hu'ih 'cruel'
Page 286 and 287:
264 These non-volitional verbs and
Page 288 and 289:
266 97. Jih hana pajoh bu ka lhee u
Page 290 and 291:
268 adjective must always be preced
Page 292 and 293:
270 [ii]. Enclitics are also regula
Page 294 and 295:
272 The enclitic from the verb J_aJ
Page 296 and 297:
274 person pronouns, lon/lontuwan '
Page 298 and 299:
276 126. Teungku=apa=jep kupi? Titl
Page 300 and 301:
278 Agent cliticization is very com
Page 302 and 303:
280 b) Jalan teungoh geu-sek(*-geuh
Page 304 and 305:
282 143. Padit are neu-bloe breueh?
Page 306 and 307:
284 Questions with question words a
Page 308 and 309:
286 156. Ta-peudbng keunoe Vespa-te
Page 310 and 311:
288 161. * fSI Mae ngon Teungku di
Page 312 and 313:
4.9.4 In Relative Clauses 290 In re
Page 314 and 315:
292 176. Long-sangka beungeh-neuh.
Page 316 and 317:
294 meuhajat 'to intend' peulheueh
Page 318 and 319:
296 b) Gopnyan galak-geuh geu-jak u
Page 320 and 321:
298 a focus construction, which cau
Page 322 and 323:
300 When the complement of bri or p
Page 324 and 325:
302 201. Peugah-peugah mantong pane
Page 326 and 327:
304 4.9.8 In Introductory Clauses B
Page 328 and 329:
306 referencing, and agreement vari
Page 330 and 331:
308 (See 2.2.1.8.) Thus, the clause
Page 332 and 333:
310 6. Radio lon teungoh geu-cuba p
Page 334 and 335:
312 11. Di lon ban jaga-lon nibak t
Page 336 and 337:
15. Abang 314 ka qeu-Jak-(*qeu-)blo
Page 338 and 339:
316 sentences without verb serializ
Page 340 and 341:
318 b) Lon geu-yue=jak u keude le a
Page 342 and 343:
320 Compare the meanings of the two
Page 344 and 345:
322 These verbs are not entirely ho
Page 346 and 347:
324 45. Rumoh nyoe lbn-neuk-vue=kar
Page 348 and 349:
5.2 NP Complements 326 Clauses can
Page 350 and 351:
328 56. Lon-lumpoe (??nyang) keude
Page 352 and 353:
330 62. Some formal characteristics
Page 354 and 355:
332 66. Lon-kalbn sik^fh geu-mat ba
Page 356 and 357:
334 71. Macut geu-dawa aneuk pya?h,
Page 358 and 359:
336 77. a) Si Tij ji-lumpoe (*jihj)
Page 360 and 361:
338 iak 'I am not going.' However,
Page 362 and 363:
340 [iv]. If the complement has an
Page 364 and 365:
342 lakee 'to ask, to demand' deunq
Page 366 and 367:
344 98. Jih hana ji-takot (*nyang)
Page 368 and 369:
346 104. Pane ta-tujan (pajan) ji-p
Page 370 and 371:
348 believe, know, say, think, prov
Page 372 and 373:
350 keumeung (also neuk 'to want')
Page 374 and 375:
352 b) Guru geu-anggap-teuh salah.
Page 376 and 377:
354 115.*Geutanyoe geu-anggap le gu
Page 378 and 379:
356 preceding section, but here the
Page 380 and 381:
358 Similar to NP complements, obli
Page 382 and 383:
360 Among the verbs from the list t
Page 384 and 385:
362 mubit 'to persist, to strive' m
Page 386 and 387:
5.3 vp complements 364 We can disti
Page 388 and 389:
366 155. Pakon galak-neuh beungeh-n
Page 390 and 391:
368 are verbs that do not allow the
Page 392 and 393:
370 the verb of the complement in t
Page 394 and 395:
372 at5 'to schedule, to direct' pe
Page 396 and 397:
374 184. Droeneuh h'an ji-bri »jep
Page 398 and 399:
kalon 'to see' noieng 'to see' deun
Page 400 and 401:
CHAPTER 6 RELATIVE CLAUSES AND FOCU
Page 402 and 403:
380 head NP ureueng and nvan modifi
Page 404 and 405:
382 b) Na lon-kalon kameng nyang pa
Page 406 and 407:
384 13. Ureueng (nyang) meukat gule
Page 408 and 409:
386 22. Pue neu-jak peugah nyan bak
Page 410 and 411:
388 27. Di gampong gopnyan le ureue
Page 412 and 413:
390 35. a) Ureueng (nyang) meudike
Page 414 and 415:
392 37. d) Ureueng kamoe * (nyang)
Page 416 and 417:
394 b) ??Aneuk-geuh ubit saket. Chi
Page 418 and 419:
396 b) Ureueng * (nyang) tutbng rum
Page 420 and 421:
398 b) Ri *(nyang) lbn-cok brbk. An
Page 422 and 423:
400 kri and ban can be combined to
Page 424 and 425:
402 65. Hana lon-tupeue (nyang) geu
Page 426 and 427:
404 mupat 'known (where/place)' meu
Page 428 and 429:
406 76. Nyang golom tho payah adee
Page 430 and 431:
Translation: 408 na / nvang rava. t
Page 432 and 433:
410 88. Nyang sa geu-peuduwa, nyang
Page 434 and 435:
412 .. 4* 94. Ureueng nyang (*geu-)
Page 436 and 437:
414 It is interesting that some ver
Page 438 and 439:
416 b) Pisang nyang jih-pula ka ji-
Page 440 and 441:
418 s 112. a) Ayah geu-bri peng keu
Page 442 and 443:
420 116. a) Mie nyan galak-geuh le
Page 444 and 445:
422 after the verb. Thus, before ag
Page 446 and 447:
424 127. a) Bajee nyoe hana galak-g
Page 448 and 449:
426 128. c) Aneuk nyang hana geu-br
Page 450 and 451:
428 131. a)*Bajee nyang ji-cop di t
Page 452 and 453:
430 Acehnese (6.2). The topicalized
Page 454 and 455:
432 b) Na teuingat-neuh uroe (watee
Page 456 and 457:
434 usually optional, but the prepo
Page 458 and 459:
436 'The hills which were on my lef
Page 460 and 461:
438 locational prepositions, except
Page 462 and 463:
440 155. a) Pinto nyoe ji-kurek ngo
Page 464 and 465:
442 c) Ho ka meja nyang droeneuh du
Page 466 and 467:
444 stacked relative clauses in the
Page 468 and 469:
446 that the last modifier be expre
Page 470 and 471:
448 1 _ .. 172. Ureueng dong bak ja
Page 472 and 473:
450 175. Nyan bek neu-tanyong bak l
Page 474 and 475:
452 Acehnese does not have a non-re
Page 476 and 477:
454 b) Utoh Tal>e"* nyang peugbt pi
Page 478 and 479:
[ii]. Proper noun: 456 191. Teungku
Page 480 and 481:
458 sentence. This method is termed
Page 482 and 483:
460 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, John M.
Page 484 and 485:
4 62 Dillon, George L. Introduction
Page 486 and 487:
464 Milner, George B. "On the Centr
show all

00402

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?