00402

More documents

Recommendations

Info

108 113. Jih leubeh carong nibak geutanyoe. Hey more clever than we^nc 'He is cleverer than we.' (b). An example of a comparative construction with the verb aaiai 'to like': 114.a) Jih leubeh galak-jih keu kah nibak ureueng jeh. Hey more like-3y to youy than person that 'He likes you better than that person does.' b)*Jih leubeh galak-jih nibak ureueng jeh. Hey more like-3y than person that 2.3.1 Adiactiva Derivation Adjectives can be derived from nouns and verbs by prefixes meu-. meu- .... -eun-. and teu-. 2.3.1.1 meu- This prefix is used to form adjectives from nouns, verbs, and "tu-words". 2.3.1.1.1 With Nouns When used with nouns, meu- has the following meanings.
109 a). With some nouns, especially mass nouns, meu- means 'having.' In most cases, the derived adjectives are equivalent to the English adjectives formed from nouns with the ending -y_, such as 'watery,' rocky,' etc. meufie 'watery' (from is. 'water') mubulee 'hairy, having feather' (from bulee 'body hair, feather') meuasap 'smoky, having smoke' (from asap 'smoke') 115. Got-that meuangen hinoe. Very windy here 'It is very windy here.' b). When used with words for nations, celebrities, dignitaries, or animals, with which a person may be likened, meu- means 'like.' meuputroe 'like a queen' (from putroe 'queen') mubanqqali 'like a Sikh (referring to the head dress)' (from banqgali 'Sikh') Bjubjii 'like a swine' (from bui 'boar, swine'). 116. Gopnyan got-that meuteungku. 2.3.1.1.2 With Verbs Her very like-cleric 'He has all the look of a cleric' meu- has the following meanings when used with verbs.
Page 1:
->*- - l£iOEt4
Page 5 and 6:
A contextual grammar of Acehnese se
Page 7:
INFORMATION TO USERS While the most
Page 11:
A CONTEXTUAL GRAMMAR OF ACEHNESE SE
Page 14 and 15:
For my wife and my children ii
Page 16 and 17:
found a way to help me. With Prof.
Page 18 and 19:
TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii ACK
Page 20 and 21:
3.3.1 Subject 149 3.3.2 Predicate 1
Page 22 and 23:
Table LIST OF TABLES 1. Pronouns 40
Page 24 and 25:
Meulaboh) and in South Aceh (Capita
Page 26 and 27:
North Aceh dialect. The Greater Ace
Page 28 and 29:
[u] . In the following words, [u] i
Page 30 and 31:
8 will be able to tell that the oth
Page 32 and 33:
10 nothing much to add to what Duri
Page 34 and 35:
12 Other important points in the th
Page 36 and 37:
1.4.1 Phonetic Inventory 14 Acehnes
Page 38 and 39:
16 In addition to single consonants
Page 40 and 41:
18 Besides single vowels, there are
Page 42 and 43:
20 which is [rapa?i] 'traditional A
Page 44 and 45:
a). [w] is written as an. 22 beukah
Page 46 and 47:
'i 'e [iii]. Diphthongs 24 Nasal Vo
Page 48 and 49:
26 1.4.3 Writing Borrowed Words Man
Page 50 and 51:
(ii) PP's: 28 di rumoh* 'in house (
Page 52 and 53:
30 except those marked as unaccepta
Page 54 and 55:
32 ethnography, the dialects, previ
Page 56 and 57:
CHAPTER 2 DERIVATION OF FOUR CLASSE
Page 58 and 59:
2.1 Nouns 36 Nouns are such words a
Page 60 and 61:
38 pronouns are usually made into p
Page 62 and 63:
Person Pronouns 40 Table 1: Pronoun
Page 64 and 65:
42 4. t'oh 'which, any,' beurangkat
Page 66 and 67:
44 3. Aneuk nyan saket-jifl. Child
Page 68 and 69:
46 not any grammatical process comp
Page 70 and 71:
48 '"Teungku" from Bayu.' The follo
Page 72 and 73:
50 kai 'a fourth of an are' gantano
Page 74 and 75:
52 23. Peuet bak bak u payah koh. F
Page 76 and 77:
54 30. Limong go on bubong treuk ka
Page 78 and 79:
56 2.1.5.1.2 Inflation jn Qne-SyUab
Page 80 and 81: 58 37. Bajee nyoe ka teuplbh ceuneu
Page 82 and 83: 60 tirut 'pointed, smaller and smal
Page 84 and 85: 62 with the first syllable omitted
Page 86 and 87: adverbs. 64 beurangkari 'any, any o
Page 88 and 89: 2.2 Verbs sioeue 'one thing' siKrek
Page 90 and 91: 2.2.1.1.1 Noun Sterna 68 Many verbs
Page 92 and 93: 70 muminveuk 'to make cooking oil'
Page 94 and 95: 72 'to use musical instrument,' meu
Page 96 and 97: 74 meukanto 'to build or occupy a p
Page 98 and 99: 76 meu?eunokot 'to sell fish from p
Page 100 and 101: 78 67. Di Ion lon-mumakmeuoang di g
Page 102 and 103: 80 mubrok 'to be in bad terms (with
Page 104 and 105: 82 this is rather strange because t
Page 106 and 107: 84 meuteubiet-teubiet 'everyone is
Page 108 and 109: 86 b). Some verbs are formed from k
Page 110 and 111: with.' 88 peugaki 'to push with one
Page 112 and 113: 90 89. Jeh-pat ceurape. Ka-peulet b
Page 114 and 115: 92 [iv]. With numerals and guantifi
Page 116 and 117: 94 97. Ka meutet surat saboh. PERF
Page 118 and 119: 96 Table 3: "tu-words' 1. soe 'who,
Page 120 and 121: 98 activity.' It is also used with
Page 122 and 123: 100 got 'to pull (tr.);' aeumeuaot
Page 124 and 125: 102 2.2.1.5.5 Initial Svllabla Omis
Page 126 and 127: 2.2.1.7 cau- and -sur.- 104 As used
Page 128 and 129: 106 It should be noted that words d
Page 132 and 133: 110 a). With some verbs meu - means
Page 134 and 135: 2.3.1.2 aau- -aun- 112 These two af
Page 136 and 137: hunchbacked' 114 tahe 'amazed;' teu
Page 138 and 139: 116 [ii]. Past Time Adverbs. To for
Page 140 and 141: 118 into hi- discussed in [i.a] abo
Page 142 and 143: 120 (3.3.3.4.2). The clause followi
Page 144 and 145: 122 Unlike adjectives, adverbs of m
Page 146 and 147: 124 beurangka'oh 'in any manner' me
Page 148 and 149: 2.5 F"""p*-Y 126 geureub'um* reubah
Page 150 and 151: 3.1 Word Qrdar CHAPTER 3 SENTENCES
Page 152 and 153: 130 Compare also the intonation of
Page 154 and 155: 132 seems to be the basic order for
Page 156 and 157: 3.2 Intonation 134 Intonation varie
Page 158 and 159: 136 11. Aneuk-miet nyang saket brat
Page 160 and 161: 138 c). A PP: a predicate or a PP i
Page 162 and 163: 29. Nyari^fliantong*. That still 14
Page 164 and 165: 142 3.2.3 intonation in "Predicate-
Page 166 and 167: 144 Every time fronting occurs with
Page 168 and 169: 146 3.2.6 Intonation in Questions w
Page 170 and 171: 148 Acehnese: Jih ji-jak u keude. [
Page 172 and 173: 150 because the sentence should beg
Page 174 and 175: 152 sentence where two such NP's ha
Page 176 and 177: 154 active sentences by subject NP'
Page 178 and 179: 156 definitions of subjects. Due to
Page 180 and 181:
158 In all sentences below, the ini
Page 182 and 183:
160 As a subject, ureueng nyan can
Page 184 and 185:
162 87. Keubiri nyoe asee nya*n ji-
Page 186 and 187:
164 97. Lon ji-poh le jih. I 3y-bea
Page 188 and 189:
Aspect 166 »I Modal }MD (PP)(PP) P
Page 190 and 191:
168 teungoh 'middle' (Progressive)
Page 192 and 193:
170 116. Lon meuseuti Ion-woe jinoe
Page 194 and 195:
172 able, have the ability.' The ve
Page 196 and 197:
174 3.3.3.4 The Positions of Adverb
Page 198 and 199:
176 Adverbs of result are expressed
Page 200 and 201:
149. 178 Di gopnyan sabe awai trok-
Page 202 and 203:
follows. 180 keudeh and hare/sare '
Page 204 and 205:
182 meanings, keudeh implies 'indee
Page 206 and 207:
184 164. Bah beu hinan-jih keudeh.
Page 208 and 209:
I 186 However, one can express an o
Page 210 and 211:
188 [ii]. treuk. treuk is used imme
Page 212 and 213:
190 186. Krueng nyoe sit sabe peuno
Page 214 and 215:
192 followed by a statement saying
Page 216 and 217:
200. Ji-pajoh lagoe. 3-eat SUR 194
Page 218 and 219:
196 205. Ka lagoe ji-woe. PERF SUR
Page 220 and 221:
198 211. [[duwa droejj-jureueng [sa
Page 222 and 223:
200 217. ureueng kemeukoh kamoe per
Page 224 and 225:
202 224. Ka-cok ija nyang gleh sikr
Page 226 and 227:
204 231. Baroe lon-bloe lhee boh pa
Page 228 and 229:
206 of the subject NP, and often wi
Page 230 and 231:
208 240. Teungku-teungku nyang meuh
Page 232 and 233:
210 245. Nyoe long-pakat nyang gala
Page 234 and 235:
212 i 254. Luweue-geuh panyang-pany
Page 236 and 237:
214 intonation. This is the intonat
Page 238 and 239:
216 present, it is possible in Aceh
Page 240 and 241:
218 2 69. Di macut geu-neuk woe u g
Page 242 and 243:
220 [iv]. Another syntactic functio
Page 244 and 245:
222 [vii]. di is also used in sente
Page 246 and 247:
224 290. Nyoe kurusi nyoe karap sab
Page 248 and 249:
226 is often omitted in context, or
Page 250 and 251:
228 intonation, the order subject-p
Page 252 and 253:
230 b) *Di kamoe hana turi gopnyan.
Page 254 and 255:
10. a) Ma 232 na-geuh di rumoh. Mot
Page 256 and 257:
234 animal subjects. (From now on,
Page 258 and 259:
236 27. a) Ureueng nyan teukhem-geu
Page 260 and 261:
4.1 Subject Conditions 238 In my pr
Page 262 and 263:
240 41. Rumoh gopnyan ji-hadap u la
Page 264 and 265:
242 .* *• b) *Ube nyang ka neu-pe
Page 266 and 267:
244 therefore, necessary to redefin
Page 268 and 269:
246 65. Trep-trep meugeuratan-jih s
Page 270 and 271:
70. 'Etnha neu-jak? Where 2r-go 248
Page 272 and 273:
Translation: 250 (7) Tiep uroe ^3 j
Page 274 and 275:
252 or other modifiers. Actually it
Page 276 and 277:
Translation: 254 $. Karap h'an ji-t
Page 278 and 279:
256 Subject omission is also obliga
Page 280 and 281:
258 meaning (p)), such as mubeuno '
Page 282 and 283:
260 83. Beuklam lon-lumpoe saket ma
Page 284 and 285:
). Other adjectives: Hu'ih 'cruel'
Page 286 and 287:
264 These non-volitional verbs and
Page 288 and 289:
266 97. Jih hana pajoh bu ka lhee u
Page 290 and 291:
268 adjective must always be preced
Page 292 and 293:
270 [ii]. Enclitics are also regula
Page 294 and 295:
272 The enclitic from the verb J_aJ
Page 296 and 297:
274 person pronouns, lon/lontuwan '
Page 298 and 299:
276 126. Teungku=apa=jep kupi? Titl
Page 300 and 301:
278 Agent cliticization is very com
Page 302 and 303:
280 b) Jalan teungoh geu-sek(*-geuh
Page 304 and 305:
282 143. Padit are neu-bloe breueh?
Page 306 and 307:
284 Questions with question words a
Page 308 and 309:
286 156. Ta-peudbng keunoe Vespa-te
Page 310 and 311:
288 161. * fSI Mae ngon Teungku di
Page 312 and 313:
4.9.4 In Relative Clauses 290 In re
Page 314 and 315:
292 176. Long-sangka beungeh-neuh.
Page 316 and 317:
294 meuhajat 'to intend' peulheueh
Page 318 and 319:
296 b) Gopnyan galak-geuh geu-jak u
Page 320 and 321:
298 a focus construction, which cau
Page 322 and 323:
300 When the complement of bri or p
Page 324 and 325:
302 201. Peugah-peugah mantong pane
Page 326 and 327:
304 4.9.8 In Introductory Clauses B
Page 328 and 329:
306 referencing, and agreement vari
Page 330 and 331:
308 (See 2.2.1.8.) Thus, the clause
Page 332 and 333:
310 6. Radio lon teungoh geu-cuba p
Page 334 and 335:
312 11. Di lon ban jaga-lon nibak t
Page 336 and 337:
15. Abang 314 ka qeu-Jak-(*qeu-)blo
Page 338 and 339:
316 sentences without verb serializ
Page 340 and 341:
318 b) Lon geu-yue=jak u keude le a
Page 342 and 343:
320 Compare the meanings of the two
Page 344 and 345:
322 These verbs are not entirely ho
Page 346 and 347:
324 45. Rumoh nyoe lbn-neuk-vue=kar
Page 348 and 349:
5.2 NP Complements 326 Clauses can
Page 350 and 351:
328 56. Lon-lumpoe (??nyang) keude
Page 352 and 353:
330 62. Some formal characteristics
Page 354 and 355:
332 66. Lon-kalbn sik^fh geu-mat ba
Page 356 and 357:
334 71. Macut geu-dawa aneuk pya?h,
Page 358 and 359:
336 77. a) Si Tij ji-lumpoe (*jihj)
Page 360 and 361:
338 iak 'I am not going.' However,
Page 362 and 363:
340 [iv]. If the complement has an
Page 364 and 365:
342 lakee 'to ask, to demand' deunq
Page 366 and 367:
344 98. Jih hana ji-takot (*nyang)
Page 368 and 369:
346 104. Pane ta-tujan (pajan) ji-p
Page 370 and 371:
348 believe, know, say, think, prov
Page 372 and 373:
350 keumeung (also neuk 'to want')
Page 374 and 375:
352 b) Guru geu-anggap-teuh salah.
Page 376 and 377:
354 115.*Geutanyoe geu-anggap le gu
Page 378 and 379:
356 preceding section, but here the
Page 380 and 381:
358 Similar to NP complements, obli
Page 382 and 383:
360 Among the verbs from the list t
Page 384 and 385:
362 mubit 'to persist, to strive' m
Page 386 and 387:
5.3 vp complements 364 We can disti
Page 388 and 389:
366 155. Pakon galak-neuh beungeh-n
Page 390 and 391:
368 are verbs that do not allow the
Page 392 and 393:
370 the verb of the complement in t
Page 394 and 395:
372 at5 'to schedule, to direct' pe
Page 396 and 397:
374 184. Droeneuh h'an ji-bri »jep
Page 398 and 399:
kalon 'to see' noieng 'to see' deun
Page 400 and 401:
CHAPTER 6 RELATIVE CLAUSES AND FOCU
Page 402 and 403:
380 head NP ureueng and nvan modifi
Page 404 and 405:
382 b) Na lon-kalon kameng nyang pa
Page 406 and 407:
384 13. Ureueng (nyang) meukat gule
Page 408 and 409:
386 22. Pue neu-jak peugah nyan bak
Page 410 and 411:
388 27. Di gampong gopnyan le ureue
Page 412 and 413:
390 35. a) Ureueng (nyang) meudike
Page 414 and 415:
392 37. d) Ureueng kamoe * (nyang)
Page 416 and 417:
394 b) ??Aneuk-geuh ubit saket. Chi
Page 418 and 419:
396 b) Ureueng * (nyang) tutbng rum
Page 420 and 421:
398 b) Ri *(nyang) lbn-cok brbk. An
Page 422 and 423:
400 kri and ban can be combined to
Page 424 and 425:
402 65. Hana lon-tupeue (nyang) geu
Page 426 and 427:
404 mupat 'known (where/place)' meu
Page 428 and 429:
406 76. Nyang golom tho payah adee
Page 430 and 431:
Translation: 408 na / nvang rava. t
Page 432 and 433:
410 88. Nyang sa geu-peuduwa, nyang
Page 434 and 435:
412 .. 4* 94. Ureueng nyang (*geu-)
Page 436 and 437:
414 It is interesting that some ver
Page 438 and 439:
416 b) Pisang nyang jih-pula ka ji-
Page 440 and 441:
418 s 112. a) Ayah geu-bri peng keu
Page 442 and 443:
420 116. a) Mie nyan galak-geuh le
Page 444 and 445:
422 after the verb. Thus, before ag
Page 446 and 447:
424 127. a) Bajee nyoe hana galak-g
Page 448 and 449:
426 128. c) Aneuk nyang hana geu-br
Page 450 and 451:
428 131. a)*Bajee nyang ji-cop di t
Page 452 and 453:
430 Acehnese (6.2). The topicalized
Page 454 and 455:
432 b) Na teuingat-neuh uroe (watee
Page 456 and 457:
434 usually optional, but the prepo
Page 458 and 459:
436 'The hills which were on my lef
Page 460 and 461:
438 locational prepositions, except
Page 462 and 463:
440 155. a) Pinto nyoe ji-kurek ngo
Page 464 and 465:
442 c) Ho ka meja nyang droeneuh du
Page 466 and 467:
444 stacked relative clauses in the
Page 468 and 469:
446 that the last modifier be expre
Page 470 and 471:
448 1 _ .. 172. Ureueng dong bak ja
Page 472 and 473:
450 175. Nyan bek neu-tanyong bak l
Page 474 and 475:
452 Acehnese does not have a non-re
Page 476 and 477:
454 b) Utoh Tal>e"* nyang peugbt pi
Page 478 and 479:
[ii]. Proper noun: 456 191. Teungku
Page 480 and 481:
458 sentence. This method is termed
Page 482 and 483:
460 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, John M.
Page 484 and 485:
4 62 Dillon, George L. Introduction
Page 486 and 487:
464 Milner, George B. "On the Centr
show all

00402

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?