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rule, volitional verbs take proclitics and non-volitional
verbs take enclitics. Being non-volitional, all adjectives
take enclitics.
But to this rule should be added a list of exceptions
that consists of non-volitional verbs that consistently take
proclitics instead of enclitics. One more list is also
important; this list consist of mostly non-volitional verbs
that can sometimes be used with proclitics when used
volitionally. These are the only sets of exceptions.
As for other volitional and non-volitional verbs, they
are fairly consistent and are easily recognizable from their
meanings. In general, what is understood as volitional in
English is also volitional in Acehnese, and what is non-
volitional in English is non-volitional in Acehnese. Verbs
such as Jak 'to go,' pajoh 'to eat,' tulak 'to push,' etc.
are volitional verbs, whereas those such as reubah 'to
fall,' teuqantbh 'to stumble,' meuhantok 'to hit
unintentionally,' etc. are non-volitional. However, it is
useful to note that all derived verbs as discussed in 2.2.1
are volitional, except those derived with tail - / and four
groups of verbs derived with meu-: three of them derived
from nouns and one from verbs. The three groups derived from
nouns (see 2.2.1.1.1) are those with the meanings: (i) 'to
excrete liquid' (or meaning (a)), such as meugeutah 'to
excrete sap (the sap comes out from it),' (ii) 'to have, to
carry' (or meaning (b)), as in meubeude 'having gun,
carrying gun,' and (iii) 'to appear in the form' (or