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1.4.1 Phonetic Inventory
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Acehnese sound system consists of single consonants,
consonant clusters, single vowels (oral and nasal), and
diphthongs.
1.4.1.1 Consonants
There are twenty-five single consonants in Acehnese.
They consist of the following:
a). Nine stops, which consist of five voiceless stops,
[p t c k ? (-glottal stop)], and four voiced stops, [b
d j g]. The Acehnese [t] is slightly retroflex.
b). Four fricatives: [f s s h]. [f] is a borrowed
consonant from Arabic and used only in borrowed words.
Although this consonant is written [f], it is not quite [f]
in Acehnese. Instead of labio-dental, it is very often
closer to bilabial.
I used to consider [s] as a borrowed consonant. 3 But
now I realize that it is a native consonant. It is used in
native words, although only in two interjection words. It is
used in hug (also: 1ms.) 'an interjection used to shoo an
animal away' and suk 'an interjection used to shoo an animal
away.' Sometimes only [s] is used, but long: ssssss!
•^See, for example, Asyik (1972) and Asyik (1978a)