MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

180 CONJUGATION[ir,5-i56'the Samhitas) which is used with a predominantly passivemeaning. When it is formed from verbs with a neuter sense,like gam go, that sense remains unchanged (as in the pastpassive participle). It is a 3. s. ind. in which the augmentedroot takes the i.ending The characteristic feature of thisform is the strengthening of the root as compared with othermiddle forms; e.g. a-kar-i beside a-kr-i (1. s. mid.).Prosodically short medial i, u, r take Guna, and medial a isnormally lengthened : final i, u, r take Vrddhi, while final ainterposes a y before the ending. The accent of unaugmentedforms isalways on the root. Examples are:a-ved-i {vid find),a-bodh-i (budh wake), a-dars-i (drs scr),a-vac-i (vac speak) ; a-sray-i (sri resort), a-stav-i (stupraise), a-kar-i (kr do), a-dha-y-i (dha put).More than twenty unaugmented forms are also usedinjunctively e. ; g. srav-i let he heard.Irregularities.a. 1. The medial a is not lengthened in fi-jan-i, the unaugmentedjdn-i (beside jan-i), and S-vah.-i.2. From the denominative stem jarayai^Za?/ tfte lover the unique formjaraya-y-i let him he embraced is formed.PARTICIPLES, GERUNDS, AND INFINITIVE.I. Active Participles.156. The stem of the present (except the reduplicatingclass), the future, and the aorist active participle is formedwith the suffix ant.^ The strong stem may be obtained bydro2^ping the i of the 3. pi. ind. act. e.; g. bhav-ant, ksipant,as-yant; duh-ant, krnv-ant, bliind-ant, pri-nant.1About a dozen more are found in B.2On the declension of participles in ant see 85 ;nn the formationof their fern, stems, 95 a.