MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

186 CONJUGATION [162162. The Future Passive Participle is in the KV. formedwith four suffixes:one with the primary suffix ya, which iscommon, the rest with the secondary suffixes ay-ya, 6n-ya,and tv-a, each of which occurs ahout a dozen times. In theAV. there begin to be vised two other gerundives, formedwith tavya and aniya, each occurring twice. All theseparticiples correspond in sense to the Lat, gerundivein -ndus.1. In the EV. about forty examples of the gerundive inya occur, and about twenty more in the AV. The suffix isnearly always to be read as ia, which accounts for thetreatment before it of final radical vowels. The root, beingaccented, appears in a strong form excepting a few exampleswhich have the short radical vowel i, u, or r.«. Final a coalesces with the initial of ia to e, between which andthe following a a phonetic y is interposed : da give : deya ( = da-i-y-a)tohe given.b. Final i, u, r regularly take Guna or Vrddhi, the final elementof which always appears as y, v, r, as before a vowel ; e. g. li cling :-lay-ya ;nu praise:ndv-ya ;bhii be : bhav-ya and bhav-y5 future ;;hii call :h^v-ya ;vr choose :var-ya.c. Medial i, u, r, if followed by a single consonant, may take Gunaand a may be lengthened ; e. g. dvis : dves-ya hateful ; yudh : yodh-yadrdh-ya to be accomplished mrj to be subdued ;rdh :marj-ya to be:purified ;vac :vac-ya to be said ;but also giih-ya to be concealed ; -dhrs-yato be assailed ; -sad-ya to be seated.d. A final short vowel sometimes remains unchanged, a t beingthen interposed:i-t-ya to be gone ; sru-t-ya to be heard ; -br-t-ya to bemade ; carkf-t-ya to be praised,2. The suffix ayya, nearly always to be read ayia, isalmost restricted to the RV. ;e. g. pan-ayya to he admired ;vid-ajja, to be found ; sva,v-a,jya glorious. It is sometimesattached to secondary stems ;to a causative :pauay-ayyaadmirable, sprhay-ayya desirable ;to a desiderative : didhi-s-ayyato be conciliated ( \/dha) ;to an intensive : vi-tantas-ayyato be hastened.3. enya (generally to be read 6nia) is attached to the root,