MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

468 APPENDIX III/9. The pronoun a iliis, though sometimes conforming to tliis rule(e. g. a-smai, d-sya, a-bhis). is usually treated like monosyllables notending in a ; e. g. a-sya, e-sam, a-sam,c. When the final syllable of the stem is accented, theacute is liable to shift (except in the a declension) to theendings in the weak cases.1. In monosyllabic stems (except those ending in a) thisis the rule;^ e.g. dhi f. thought', dhiy-a, dhi-bhis, dhinam;bhu f. earth :bhuv-as, bhuv-6s ;nau f.ship nav-a,:nau-bhis, nau-sii (Gk. vav-at) ; dant, m. tooth :dat-a,dad-bhis.^There are about a dozen exceptions to this rule :go cow, dyo sky ;nf man, str star ;ksam earth ;tan succession, ran joy, vdn icood ;vi m.bird ; vip rod ;svar light ;e. g. g^v-a, gSv-am, go-bhis ; dyav-i,dyu-bhis ; nir-e, nf-bhis, nf-su (but nar-am and nr-nam) ; stf-bhis ;ksdm-i ;tdn-a (also tan-a") ; r^n-e, rdm-su ;vam-su (but van-am) ;vi-bhis, vi-bhyas (but vl-nam) ;G. vip-as ;siir-as i^but sur-6) ;also thedative infinitives badh-e to press and vah-e to convey. The irregularaccentuation of a few other monosyllabic stems is due to their beingreduced forms of dissyllables ;these are dru wood (daru), snu summit(sanu), svan dog (Gk. kvcov), yun ^weak stem of yuvan young) ;e. g.dru-na ;snu-su ; sixna, svd.-bhis ; y^n-a.2. When the final accented syllable loses its vowel eitherby syncope or change to a semivowel, the acute is thrownforward on a vowel ending ;e. g. from mahiman greatness:mahimna; agni fire :agny-6s dhenii;coiv : dhenv-a ;y&dhuhride: vadhv-ai (AV.) ; -pitf Jather pitr-a.:a. Polysyllabic stems in f, u, f and, in the RV., usually those in i,throw the acute on the ending of the gen. pi. also, even though thefinal vowel of the stem here retains its syllabic character; e.g.agni-nami dhenu-nam, datf-nam, bahvi-nam (cp. 11 b a),3. Present participles in at and ant throw the acuteforward on vowel endings in the weak cases ; e. g. tud-antstriking : tudat-a (but tudad-bhis). This rule is also'At the end of a compound a monosyllabic stem loses this accentuatione. ; g. su-dhi tcise, sudhf-nam.