MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

330 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [208-209divi sritah. the snioJce, thy banner, {was raised =)arose toheaven (v.11^).h. Such forms (pres, and aor. ind. of bhu, impf and peif.ind. and opt. of as) make regular past and present tenses andthe opt. mood in B.; e.g. bhuyasibhir ha^asya^ahutibhiristam bhavati bij him sacrifice has been made ivith severalofferings (AB.) devasurah; samyatta asan the gods andAsuras were engaged in conflict (TS.) ;tad va rsinam anusrutamasa that was heard bg the seers (SB.) tasmad vidhrta;adhvano 'bhuvan therefore the roads have been divided (TS.).209. Future Participles Passive. There are six ofthese :one, that in ayya occurs in the RV. only ; three,those in enya, ya, and tva, in V. and in B. ; two, those intavya and aniya in V. (but not in the RV.) and in B.The commonest sense expressed by these verbal nouns isnecessity ;but various allied meanings, such as obligation,fitness, certain futurity, and possibility, are also frequent.Four of them are construed with the inst. of the agent (thegen. and dat. sometimes appearing instead), while the formsin tva and aniya are never found connected with a case.1. The commonest of these gerundives is that in ya ;sadyo jajnano havyo babhiiva as soon as born he becameone to be invoiced (viii. 96^^). It often appears without averb ; e. g. visva hi vo namasyani vandya namani devauta yajniyani vah all your names, ye gods, are adorable,worthy ofpraise, and ivorshipful (x. 63^). The agent may beexpressed by the inst., dat., or gen.; e.g. tvam nrbhirhavyo visvadha^asi thou art always to be involed by men(vii. 22') asmabhir u nu; praticaksya^abhutshe hasbecome visible {by=) to us (i. 113^^) sakha; sakhibhya idyaha friend to be praised by friends (i. 75^) ; ya 6ka id dhavyahcarsaninam who alone is to be invoiced of men (vi. 22').a. In B. the agent may be in the inst. or gen., but not in the dat. ;thus tdsmai deyam means io him gifts should be given (SB.). Thisexample also illustrates the impersonal use of this gerundive in B.,