MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

210-211] GERUND S33(hen this vital sap arises (6b.) = then acquire this vital sn}).The past senseof the gerund is often emphasized by the particle d,tha then beingplaced immediately after it. The gerund is here sometimes equivalentto the finite verb of a subordinate clause ;e. g. atithyena vaideva istva tant sam^d avindat after the gods had sacrificed ivith the rite ofhoHpitahle reception, discord came upon them (SB.); similarly with the verbnaan think : et&d vai devah prapya raddhva^_^iva^amanyanta tlie gods,having obtained this, thought thai they had as good as won (SB.).b. The gerund in am, which is always a compound, andthe first member of which is nearly always a preposition,exjDresses a simultaneous action performed by the subject ofthe finite verb of the sentence. Being a cognate ace. usedadverbially it is only beginning to be used as a gerund inlate V. ; e. g. tantram yuvati abhyakramam vayatah theiico maidens weave the web while going iip to it (AV.).a. In B. it has become common e.; g. abhikramam juhoti (TS.)he sacrifices while ap2)roaching (the fire). This gerundis sometimes usedwith as, i, or car to express continued action e.; g. t6 parapatamasata they kept flying away (MS.).Infinitive.211. The normal use of this form is to supplement thegeneral statement of the sentence in a final {in order to) ora consequential (so as to) sense. The infinitive is, however,sometimes dependent on a particular word in the sentence,usually a verb, occasionally a noun it then loses some of its:full meaning, as in other languages after an auxiliary. Theobject when it is expressed is generally in the accusative.1. Dative Infinitive.a. The various forms of this infinitive govern either anace. or (by attraction) a dat., sometimes (according to thenature of the verb) another case ;e. g. indraya^arkamjuhva sam anje, viram danaukasam vandadhyai forIndra I tvith my tongue adorn a song, to praise the bountifultvam akrnor dustaritu saho visvasmai sahasehero (i. 61°) ;sahadhyai thou didst display irresistible power to overcome