MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

40 INTERNAL .SANDHI [57-61Final Vowels.57. In many cases before a vowel i is changed to iy;u and u to uv ; e. g.dhi + e = dhiy-6 dat. s.for thought ;bhu + i = bhuv-i on earth ;yu-joiv-^ has joined (-/yu).58. Final r before y becomes ri (154, 3) ; e. g. kr rnahc :kri-yate 3. s. pres. pass, is done. Final r before consonantterminations ischanged to ir, after labials to iir;e. g, grsiuallow :gir-yate is swallowed, gir-na swallowed ; pr Jill :pur-na filled.pur-yate is filled,59. e, ai, o, au are changed before suffixes beginningwith vowels or y to ay, ay, av, av respectively ;e. g.se + u = say-ii lying ;rai + e = ray-6 for wealth ; go + e =gav-e for a cow; nau + i = nav-i in a boat; go + ya =gav-ya relating to cows.Final Consonants.60. The most notable divergence from external Sandhi isthe unchangeableness of the final consonants (cp. 32) ofroots and verbal or nominal stems before suffixes andterminations beginning with vowels, semivowels and nasals(while before other letters they usually follow the rules ofexternal Sandhi); e.g. vac-ya to he spoken, duras-yuworshipping, yasas-vat glorious vac-mi I; speak (but vaktispeaks) ;voc-am I will speak, paprc-yat would mix ; praneahnom. pi. forward.a. Before the primaiy suffix na, d is assimilated ;e. g. an-na n. food(for ad-na), ehin-nd cut off (for chid-na) ;and before the secondarysuffixes mant and niaya, t and d ; e.g. vidyun-mant accompanied bylightning (yidyut) and mrn-niaya consisting o/chiy (mfd). In the nominalcase-form san-nam (for sat-nam) of six (sds) the final t is assimilated.61. Nominal or verbal stems endingin consonants andfollowed by terminations consisting of a single consonant,drop the termination altogether, two consonants not beingtolerated at the end of a word (28). The final consonantthat remains is then treated according to the rules of external