MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

197] ACCUSATIVE .301(x. 49^^) me they 7iave placed as Indra hi/ name (or verihf) amovgthe pods.1). various kinds of adjectives. They have an attributiveorigin when they express the senses of qukldy or slowly(ksipram, ciram), onuch or greatli/ (bahii, balavat), ivell orl)adl//, holdhj (dhrsnu), or direction (as nyak doivnward, &c.) ;e. g.balavad vati it hloivs hard (SB.) ;bhadram jivantahliving happily (x.37^).a. The ace. adverbs from ordinals seem to have been appositionalin origin ; e. g. tan va etan sampatan visvamitrah prathamamapasyat (AB.) these same Sampfdahpniis Vrsvdmitra invented flrsf (= asthelirst thing).p. Several ace. adverbs are from comparatives and superlatives intara and tama formed from prepositions and adverbs ;e. g. draghiyaayuh prataram dddhanah ohtaining longer life furthermore (i. 53'^).A good many such have a fem. ace. form in later use, but there isonlyone found in the RV. : samtaram padukfiu hara i>«^ your tioo little feetcloser together (viii. 33^^).7. A special class is formed by adverbs in vat expressing that anaction takes place like that performed by the noun preceding thesuffix; e.g. tvadutaso manuv^d vadema (ii. 10^) havingmessenger ice umild speak like men ( = as men should speak:properlj' somethingthat belongs to men).thee as ourS. Another class of ace. adverbs is formed from various adjectivalcompounds. A number of these'are formed with the privative particlea, being of the nature of cognate accusatives ; e.g. devas chdndobhirimal lokan anapajayyftm abhy djayan the gods (unconquerably =)irrevocably conquered these worlds by means of the metres (TS.).f. Another group comparatively rare in V., but very common inB., are those formed from prepositionally governing adjectival compounds;e.g. anukamdm tarpayetham satisfy yourselves according todesire (i. 17*), adhidevatdm with reference to the deity (SB.). Probablyfollowing the analogy of some of these were formed others in whichthe first member of the compound is not a preposition, but an adverbderived from the relative ya ;e. g. yatha-kamdra ni padyate she turnsin according to her desire (x. 146^), yavaj-jivdm (as long «s =)for life (SB.).Some other adverbial compounds are used like gerunds in am; e.g.stuka-s&rgam srsta bhavati it is plaited like a braid of hair (§B.).197. B. The ace. is largelyused with verbal nouns.Besides being governed by all participles, active and middle.