MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

188 CONJUGATION [163in tu which is also used to form infinitives) attached to thesimple root.1. The form in tvi, which is almost restricted to the EV./is the commonest of the three in that Samhita, where fifteenexamples occvu-. It probably represents an old locative ofstems in tu. It is as a rule added directly to the root,which has the same form as in the perf. pass, participlein ta. Examples are : kr-tvi having made, ga-tvi liavmjgone, gu-dhvi having hidden, bhu-tvi having become, vrk-tvihaving overthroivn (-/vrj), hi-tvl having abandoned (v^ha).There are two forms in which the suffix is added with theconnecting vowel i jan-i-tvi having produced and skabh-i-tvi:having propped.2. The suffix tv-a (an old inst. sing, of a verbal noun in tu)is taken by nine roots in the RV. and about thirty more inthe AV. The root has the same form as before the ta of theperf. pass, participle.The forms occurring in the EV. are :pi-tva (pa drinJc), bhit-tva having shattered, bhu-tva havingbecome, mi-tva having formed (v^ma), yuk-tva having yolced,vr-tva having covered, sru-tva having heard, ha-tva havingslain, hi-tva having abandoned. Some of the forms from theAV. are: is-tva having sacrificed (Vyaj), jag-dhva havingdevoured (>/jaks), tir-tva having crossed (Vtr), tr-dhvahaving shattered (-/trh),dat-tva having given ( v'da), pak-tvahaving cooked (v^pac), bad-dhva having bound (v^bandh),bhak-tva having divided (^/bhaj), ru-dhva having ascended(/ruh), vrs-tva having ctd up (\/vrase), sup-tva havingslept (V'svap) ;three take the conned ing vowel i :cay-i-tvanoting (Vcay), hims-i-tva having injured, grh-i-tva havingseised ;a few also are formed from secondary stems in aya(which is retained) ; e. g. kalpay-i-tva having arranged.3. The rarest gerund is that in tvaya, which is formed1This gerundive is not found in the AV., but it has not entirelydisappeared in the Bralimanas.