MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

364 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [216verb (opt. of as be) is omitted in the apodosis. The opt. witli ydd hererarely expresses a purely hypothetical case (that is, without the implicationthat the condition will not be fulfilled); e.g. y^n mampravis6h kfm ma bhuiijyah (TS.) if you were to enter me,ofivhat use wouldyou he to me? (afterwards he does enter Indra).a. yad with the opt. in the final sense of in order that isvery rare ; e.g. yan nunam asyam gatim, mitrasyayayampatha in order that I might noir obtain a refuge, I iroukl go onthe path of Kitra (v.64-')./3. In B. ydd with the opt in the sense of Ihat is frequently usedafter dva kalpate is suitable, ut sahate endures, ichdti desires, vedaknows, yukto bhavati is intent, in posterior clauses ;e. g. nd. hi tddavakfilpate yM bruyat/orit is nof ftting that he should say (SB.) nd vaahdm ; iddm ut sahe yd.d vo hota syam (SB.) I cannot endure this thatshould he {= I cannot be) your Hotr; tad dhy eva brahmanena^_^estdvyamy&d brahraavarcasi syat/o?- that is to he aimed at by the Brahmin, thai heshould he pious (SB.); svayd.m va etdsmai deva yukta bhavanti ydtsadhu vddeyuh for the gods themselves are intent on this, that they should saywhat is right (SB.); kd.s tdd veda ydd vrataprado vratam upotsiiicetfor ivho knoics (this that =) whether he who Jiands the fast-milk (should add —)adds (fresh milk)to it (SB.). In the SB. isvard also is used with thisconstruction (in other Brahmanas with the infinitive only) to expressa possible consequence (though the yad is nearly always omitted) ;e. g. pdran asmad yajno 'bhCid iti^isvard ha yat tdtha^eva syat thesacrifice has turned away from him : it is possible that this should he so (SB.).Otherwise the phrase regularly appears in the form of iti^^isvaro hatatha eva syat, perhaps because isvar^ came to be regarded as a kindof adverb = possibly this might be so.7. In B. yad introducing a clause with the opt. accompanied by naand ending with iti, dependent on a verb of fearing or similar expression,is equivalent to lest ; e.g. deva ha vai bibhay§,m cakrur yd,d vd,inah . .asuraraksasani,_^imd.m graham na hanyur iti the gods fearedlest the Asuras and Raksases should destroy this draught (SB.); indro ha vaiksam cakre yd.n ma tdn nd^abhibhdved iti Indra pondered (fearing)lest that should vanquish him (SB.).2. yadi ?ywith the opt. does not occur in the RV. andAV. at all, and only once in the SV.In B. it is very common, expressing a condition the fulfilment ofwhich is assvimed (while yd.d with opt. implies non-fulfilment of thecondition). The clause with yddi generally precedes. The apodosishas :