MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

280 NOMINAL STEM FORMATION [WJadhi-gart-ya helufj on ike car-seal (gartai, antah-parsav-y^ (VS.) hciiKjhchveen the libs (pdrsu), upa-mas-ya (AV.) occurring every montli (masa),tiro-ahn-ya (being beyond a day), belonging to ihe day (ahan) beforeyesterday.2. In the verbally governing class the first member is anagent noun or an action noun governing the last member as'an object. With a single exception they never add a suffix.Three types (in all of which examples of proper namesoccur) may be distinguished.a. In the commonest type, which is ;\hnost restricted to the RV. ,the first member is a participle ending in dt formed from transitivepresent stems in a, d, or dya ;e. g. rdhd,d-vara - increasing goods, tardddvesasovercoming (tdrat) foes, dharayat-kavi supporting the wise, mandaydt-sakha'gladdening Ids friend. The following are used as propernames: rdhdd-ray'^ {^increasing wealth), jamdd-agni* {going to Agni),bharad-vaja {carrying off the prize).b. Only three or four examples occur of a second type, in which thefirst member consists of a simple present stem (probably representingan imperative): rada-vasu^ dispensing icecdth, siksa-nar-d" helping men;as the name of a man :trasa-dasyu {terrify the foe).c. Some half dozen examples occur in the RV. of a third type, inwhich the first member is an action-noun in ti : dati-vara givingtreasures, viti-radhas enjoying the oblation, vrsti-dyav causing tlie sky torain ;as the name of a man :pusti-gu m. {rearing kine).5. Syntactical Compounds.189 B. A certain number of irregular compounds areformed in a manner differing from that of any of the fourclasses described above. They may be treated as a class,since all of them have been produced by the same cause:frequent syntactical juxtaposition in a sentence.^siksa-nar-d ;see below, note G.^rdhdt aor. i^art. of rdh increase.saikhi friend becomes sakha in two other governing compounds:^dravayat-sakha speeding his friend and sravaydt-sakha making hisfriend famous. Cf. 188, 2, note 2.*jaraat is a palatalized form of an aor. jiart. of gam go.^In this and the following example the a of rada and siksa ismetrically lengthened.®Here the stem of the final member is extended with a.iJfiV