MacDonnell II - Wilbourhall.org

366 OUTLINES OF SYNTAX [2I6a daivya vrnimah6 'vamsi, yatha bhavema milhuse anagahive implore the divine aids that tve may he sinless before thegracious one (vii.97^).a. In B. yatha with the opt. has two uses : n. in antecedent clausesin the sense of as, as if, with a correhative meaning so in the principalclause, which contains an opt., an ind., or no verli; e.g. yatha,^evachinna naur bandhanat plaveta,,_^evain eva te plaveran just as a boatcut from its fastening would drift, so theij icould drift (AB.); sd yatha nadydipardm parapdsyed evd.m svd,sya^_^ayusah pardm pdra cakhyau asif he were looking across to the farther bank of a river, so he saw the end of hislifefrom afar (SB.) dtho; ydtha bruyad eti.n me gopaya^fti tadfg ev^t^t then it (is) so as if he were to say : guard this for me (TS.).0. in posterior clauses in the sense of how, so that ; e. g. upa janitaydtha^iyd,m piinar agachet do ye find out how she could come back (SB.) ;tat tdtha^evahotavy^m yathaj^^agnim vyaveyat hence it is to be so pouredthat it may divide the fire (MS.).4. yatra and yada are not found with the opt. in V., andyarhi does not occur at all in the RV. and AV.In B. all three conjunctions are used hypothetically with the opt. inthe sense of when.a. yd,tra, besides having the sense of when, in, case, often seems tomean at the moment when, as soon as ;the jjrincipal clause has the opt. orthe ind. : e. g. marutdm sapt^kapalam nir vaped ydtra vid rajanamjijyaset he shoidd offer a cake on, seven dishes to the Marids in case the peoplewere to oppress the king (MS.) ;sa ydtra prastuyat tdd etani japet as soonas he (the priest) begins to sing, one should mutter the following prayers (SB.).0. yada as soon as seems often to imply that the action of the opt.should be assumed to be past ; it seems always to be followed by ^thathen ;e. g. si, yada samgramd.m j£yed dtha^aindragn^m nir vapet assoon as he may have won a battle, he should sacrifice to Indra and Agni (MS.).7. ydrhi when is generally followed by the coi-relative td.rhi then inthe principal clause, which usually has the opt. also ; e. g. ydrhiprajah ksvidham nigdcheyus, tdrhi navaratr^na Y&^Qta when his peopleshould be exposed to hunger, then he shmdd sacrifice with the rite of nine nights(TS.).5. ced if is used with the ind. only in the EV. and onlyonce with the opt. in the AV.In B. it is used with the 0])t. like y^di (with which it may interchange); e. g. etdrn ced any^sma anubrSyas, tata evi, te siras chindyamif you, were to communicate tit is to another, I would cufoffyourfiead(SB.).